Proto-Indo-European Root *h₂er- / *ar- / *or- signify, to fit, to fix, to put together, to slot.It is my opinion that the most hypothetical source of evidence for the existence of a Proto-Indo-European is provided by the Armenian language and the Proto-Indo-European Root *h₂er- / *ar- / *or- does not signify, to fit, to fix, to put together, or to slot.
The Armenia language forms all or part of the following words with the base root *ar- the most revealing of the words that exposes the root *ar for what it signified at root is the Greek word Arda to exhale, արտաշնչել, to exhale, արտաբուրել, to issue forth and the word arête, a noun for a sharp mountain ridge. Also Arete (Ancient Greek: ἀρετή, romanized: aretḗ) is a concept in ancient Greek thought that, in its most basic sense, refers to "excellence" of any kind—especially a person or thing's "full realization of potential or inherent function." The term may also refer to excellence in "moral virtue."Arete as “virtue” is, for Aristotle, about the cultivation of human excellence. Excellence, however, is not myopically reduced to “being the best,” “achieving fame or honor,” or “winning.” Instead, arete aims at cultivating the skills, both kinesthetic and moral, that lead to a good life. Synonym for arete are perfection, excellence, sublimity, superbness,superiority brilliance,distinction faultlessness, greatness, magnificence.
The Proto-Indo-European root *ar, is the most prominent root syllable in the Armenian language and from the onset I point out that *Ar is the first root syllable of the word Ar.menian.
Here I will put forward the reasons why I believe that the base root *ar is Proto Armenian and why I believe there is a high probability that the origin of Proto-Indo-European can be found in the Armenian language.
To start with let us state that to date the word Armenian has not been decoded, that is not to the satisfaction of any serious scholar.
When we look deeper into the word Armenian/Armeni we can say that it is a triliteral which has a tri-consonantal root.
Let me declare from the offset that I can show in this monologue, that *ar*me*ni is a formulaic construct, a transfix, in other words a word formulated to demonstrate a point in time and space, based on a principle of a phenomenon observed within nature, specifically the cycle of the sun, daily and annually. The root *Ar in the Armenian language primarily defines the 'first' point on the daily cycle as the beginning, (the first moment when the first direct ray of the sun at the horizon, strikes the eye) as well as marking the point on the annual cycle of the sun, (on the ecliptic,) on the first day of spring, the 'first' moment of the first day of the spring equinox, the day which today we call the 'First Point of Aries,' also known as the 'Cusp of Aries,' which is the location of the vernal equinox (the March equinox), used for millennia as a reference point in the celestial coordinate systems.
In diagrams using such coordinate systems, it is often indicated with the symbol ♈︎. What is also very interesting is the fact that the sigils chosen to represent both r's in the Armenian alphabet, - (though the sigils appeared 3000 years after the original phonetic Armenian language was established) - look like a single horn of Ares and or a Shepheard's crook ♈︎.
More relevant is the fact that both the word Ares and Mars have the root *ar within them. It is thus highly likely the PIE root *ar named both the planet Mars and the constellation of Aries.
Ares is the first of two points on the celestial sphere at which the celestial equator crosses the ecliptic. The other point exactly 180* from Ares is the First Point of Libra, located exactly at mid point on the ecliptic. This empirically can and has been defined as 'mid' point on the annual cycle, the point of sunset on the daily cycle, where the root *me - (the root for words like median in PIE) - has been positioned on the foundational word designed to be representing the mid point on the ecliptic cycle of the sun.
The cycle represents the flow, as is made apparent by the Greek word Rhe which signifies life as constantly flowing. This bring us naturally to the finally destination, the end point of the cycle, which we know to be the point attached to the beginning, which is located a full 360° from 0*, the end is phonetically represented by the Nth, (PIE root *ni), which is the final day in the sign of the fish, Pisces. Here the artistically inspired could imagine an image like the Armenian Vishap Stones carved with the back to back images of a Ram and a Fish and sprinkled in the highlands of Armenia all dated between 2000 BCE and 1000 BCE.
The base root syllable *ar in Proto Armenian has both the meaning of 'give' & 'take'. առնել (arnem) is a verb active which can translate as to do or to make or to render, or to take, to receive, to get, as in առնեմ (aṙnem).In Armenian the phoneme *ar is a stand alone base root word that can also form other words with affixes (prefixes and suffixes etc.) As a stand alone *ar is a command from the giver that indicates to the listener that they should take what is being offered, 'take'. When *ar is sounded out as a command, with a gesture, an extending hand, it indicates to the listener to take the given thing. It is the giver in other words that says *ar and the author that says it means 'to take'.
If Armenian is an Indo-European Language then I posit that what comparative etymology offers us as the root of *ar also arə-, meaning "to fit together"or "forms all or part of" is totally wrong. Words like adorn; alarm; aristarchy; aristo-; aristocracy; arm (n.1) "upper limb of the body;" arm (n.2) "weapon;" armada; armadillo; armament; armature; armilla; armistice; armoire; armor; armory; army; art (n.) "skill as a result of learning or practice;" arthralgia; arthritis; arthro-; arthropod; arthroscopy; article; articulate; artifact; artifice; artisan; artist; coordination; disarm; gendarme; harmony; inert; inertia; inordinate; ordain; order; ordinal; ordinance; ordinary; ordinate; ordnance; ornament; ornate; primordial; subordinate; suborn are based on a hypothetical source of/evidence. For its existence we are provided with the Sanskrit irmah "arm," rtih "manner, mode;" Armenian arnam "make," armukn "elbow;" Greek arti "just," artios "complete, suitable," artizein "to prepare," arthron "a joint;" Latin ars (stem art-) "art, skill, craft," armus "shoulder," artus "joint," arma "weapons;" Old Prussian irmo "arm;" German art "manner, mode." Most of the words can be said to be cognate in comparative studies, but branching off from the hypothetical Sanskrit root word irmah is wrong. Ar I believe has a very important fundamental position in all Indo-European languages for the base syllabic root *ar I posit signifies the first, prime and the only connection to it having at root the meaning "fit" or fit" is that it is the prime suffix or affix in Indo-European.
This Proto-Indo-European root 8ar when it is borrowed by Greek offers the words that Arete will do justice to, for secondary words like Arete and aristo, which show superlative ability and superiority, and aristos again superiority was constantly used in the plural to denote the nobility. The ancient Greeks applied the term arete (ἀρετή) to anything: for example, the excellence of anything, the excellence of a bull for breeding, and the excellence of a man or woman. The meaning of the word changes depending on what it describes since everything has its own unique excellence. The root becomes ambiguous for the word arete is not a root, thus when said of a man it is said to be a different from the arete to that of a horse. This way of thinking originates from Plato, where it can be seen in the Allegory of the Cave. In particular, the aristocratic class was presumed, essentially by definition, to be exemplary of arete: It was in the Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle that the doctrine of arete found its fullest flowering. Another point taken from a root syllable with meaning is Aristotle's Doctrine of the Mean which is said to be a 'paradigm' example of his thinking. Next the Greek Archon (Greek: ἄρχων, romanized: árchōn, plural: ἄρχοντες, árchontes) is a Greek word that means "ruler", frequently used as the title of a specific public office. It is the masculine present participle of the verb stem αρχ-, meaning "to be first, to rule", derived from the same root as words such as monarch and hierarchy. The verb stem αρχ-,
Extensions to the root *ar, are many in all Indo-European languages from Latin we have primordium which signifies "a beginning, the beginning, origin, commencement," from primus "first" (see prime (adj.)) + the ar/or is in the stem ordiri "to begin". We have in English 'primordial' which is "being or pertaining to the source or beginning." Directly from late Latin primordialis "first of all, original," I would offer that Pri- signifies 'before' and -ordialis the fist or beginning. It is the root *ar that signifies the first point that marks in time and space a given a 'beginning' as in a 'given' within the existing cycle. Armenian *ar is the first, 'a given' within the natural existing structured Cosmic Order.
Extentions to *ar
art (v.) second person singular present indicative of be; Old English eart. You are (v.). It became archaic in the 1800s. Again *ar- also arə-, Proto-Indo-European /h₂er- is said to have a root meaning "to fit together" but most likely being as in brought from first principals, you art what you art.
Take the word primordial), which is of uncertain origin. To preserve the etymological notion of "sequence" as "In short order" meaning without delay from 1834, American English, or the scientific/mathematical order of magnitude as attested from 1723. Further elaboration on primordial (adj.) late 14c., "being or pertaining to the source or the beginning," from Late Latin primordialis translated as "first of all, original," from Latin primordium "a beginning, the beginning, origin, commencement," from primus "first" (see prime (adj.)) + stem of ordiri "to begin" (see order (n.)). The sense of "first in order, earliest, existing from the beginning" is from 1785. Related: Primordially. Primordial soup as the name for the conditions believed to have been present on Earth circa 4.0 billion years ago, and from which life began, in J.B.S. Haldane's theory, is by 1934, agai we are still not satisfied.The word order (v.) c. 1200, ordren,as in to arrange in a row or rank," from order (n.). Sense of "set or keep in order" from c. 1500. Related: Order, Ordered, ordering, from Old French ordre a place for everything, "position, estate; rule, regulation, order from Chaos comes from earlier ordene, from Latin ordinem (nominative ordo) "row, line, rank; series, pattern, arrangement, routine," for "a row of threads in a loom," brings us to a word from Proto-Italic *ordn- "row, order" (source also of ordiri "to begin to weave;" I agree with Watkins who suggests that root *Or is a variant of PIE root *ar- but even though an "order" has to have things "to fit together," I do not agree that the root *or/*ar mean "to fit together," but the root represents the prime of any order the begining of an order, n any order.
arm (n.1) "upper limb of the human body," Old English earm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (source also of Old Saxon, Danish, Swedish, Middle Dutch, German arm, Old Norse armr, Old Frisian erm), from PIE root *ar- "to fit together" (source also of Sanskrit irmah "arm," Greek arthron "a joint," Latin armus "shoulder").
arm (n.2) "weapon," c. 1300, armes (plural) "weapons of a warrior," from Old French armes (plural), "arms, weapons; war, warfare" (11c.), from Latin arma "weapons" (including armor), literally "tools, implements (of war)," from PIE *ar(ə)mo-, suffixed form of root *ar- "to fit together." The notion seems to be "that which is fitted together." Again yes *ar is the root
but not because it "fits together" but because the Arm and Armor are the prime extensions to the body as in the "right arm." To be up in arms figuratively is from 1704; to bear arms "do military service" is by 1640s. Also "heraldic insignia" the coat of arms, up front, in front, originally borne on shields of fully armed knights or barons.
arm (v.) directly from Latin armare "furnish with arms," from arma "weapons," literally "tools, implements" of war. Related.
Armed; arming From the notion of "formal disposition or array, methodical or harmonious arrangement". In natural history, as a classification of living things next below class and next above family.
aristo- is said to be a word-forming element meaning "best," to this I would like to add the meaning "first" as it applies to "aristocracy," from Greek aristos "best of its kind, noblest, bravest, most virtuous" (of persons, animals, things), originally I offer "first of a kind" from PIE Armenian root prefix *ar(ə)-isto-, a prefixed (superlative) form of root *ar-.
aristarchy (n.) "government by the best men, a body of worthies constituting a government," from Greek aristarkhia, from aristos "best" (see aristo-) + -arkhia "government" (see -archy) is the word-forming element meaning "rule," from Latin -archia, from Greek -arkhia "rule," from arkhos "leader, chief, ruler," from arkhē "beginning, origin, first place," verbal noun of arkhein "to be the first," hence "to begin" and "to rule" (see archon). The correct etymology is from Ancient Greek ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “rule, government”). aristocracy (n.) ia a "government by those who are the best citizens, also considered the first of the citizenary. In early, very early use, probably in origin it contrasted with monarchy.
Proto-Slavic: *arьmò, *arь̀mъ. Sanskrit: अर (ará), आर (āra, “spoke (of a wheel)”). Lycian: (ara-, “rite”). Hittite: 𒀀𒀀𒊏 (āra, “right, proper”)
With the root /h₂er- /ar-. Linguistic evidence has led scholars to reconstruct the concept of *h₂értus, denoting 'what is fitting, rightly ordered', as ultimately deriving from the verbal root *h₂er-, to fit, to fix, to put together, to slot. Reconstructions based on existing etymology though not directly attested, hypothesises the existence of a Proto-Indo-European.
verbal root *h₂er-, 'to fix' should be taken to mean as in (transitive, mathematics, semantics) To map a (point or subset) to itself. In linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form. Affixation (such as a prefix, suffix, infix, circumfix, and transfix). To fix (hold in place): join, put together, unite; see also Thesaurus:join
verbal root *h₂er-, 'to fit' as in adapted to a purpose or environment. As are living organisms adapted to their environment. This means that the way they look, the way they behave, how they are built, or their way of life makes them suited to survive and reproduce in their habitats.
I see the root *Ar to be alluding to this as the 'given' life as we see it, not its cause, where everything 'fits together'. 'Fit' for purpose.'*h₂er, *h₂r̥ (“thus, so”)
'To fix' as in to map a (point or subset) to itself.
'To put together' as in or formulate, or to reduce to, or express as in a formula to assemble, construct, build.to put in a clear and definite form of a statement or expression.
verbal root *h₂er-,'To slot' as in
Extensions to *Ar in Ancient Greek: ἄρα (ára) ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη • (arákhnē) A kind of sundial (mollusk) and or a spiders web also Latin either from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē) or from the same source. Proto-Hellenic: *ártʰron, Ancient Greek: ἄρθρον (árthron). Hellenic: Ancient Greek: ἁρμονίᾱ (harmoníā)→ Latin: harmonia has further descendants however I offer the noun Armenia as the original extention to the root /h₂er- /ar-. Extensions of *Ar in Indo-Aryan: Sanskrit irmah "arm," rtih "manner, mode;" Greek arti "just," artios "complete, suitable," artizein "to prepare," arthron "a joint;" Latin ars (stem art-) "art, skill, craft," armus "shoulder," artus "joint," arma "weapons;" Old Prussian irmo "arm;" German art "manner, mode. The meaning in "Sanskrit: ईर्म (īrmá, “arm, forequarter”). Avestan: (arma, “arm, forequarter”) Latin: armus m (“forequarter”), also arma n pl (“arms, weapons”).
Extensions to *Ar in Armenian, Old Armenian: արդ (ard), արդուկ (arduk) armukn "elbow;" Hellenic: Ancient Greek: ἀρτύς (artús), ἀρτύω (artúō). Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥túš. Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥túṣ. Sanskrit: ऋतु (ṛtú) (see there for further descendants). Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥túš. Avestan: (ratu, “judgement; period of time”) Khotanese:(rūtā, “season”). Hellenic: Ancient Greek: ἀρείων (areíōn): ἄριστος (áristos) ἀριστερός (aristerós): αριστερός (aristerós)
Under the heading 'Unsorted formations' in the Wiktionary we have the following entries which is as good a place to offer a fresh hypothesis as any which claims on existingto have
Armenian: առնեմ (aṙnem), յարեմ (yarem), յարմար (yarmar), (possibly) անարի (anari), (possibly) արմանամ (armanam) (see there for further descendants. Proto-Slavic: *arьmò, *arь̀mъ. Ancient Greek: ὅμηρος (hómēros) (with ὁμός (homós), ὁμοῦ (homoû)). Sanskrit: अर (ará), आर (āra, “spoke (of a wheel)”).Lycian: (ara-, “rite”). Hittite: 𒀀𒀀𒊏 (āra, “right, proper”)Descendant cognates include Hittite āra ('right, proper'); Sanskrit ṛta ('divine/cosmic law, force of truth, or order'); Avestan arəta- ('order'); Greek artús ('arrangement'), possibly arete ('excellence') via the root *h₂erh₁ ('please, satisfy'); Latin artus ('joint'); Tocharian A ārtt- ('to praise, be pleased with'); Armenian ard ('ornament, shape'); Middle High German art ('innate feature, nature, fashion'). Aryan or Arya (/ˈɛəriən/;[1] Indo-Iranian *arya) is a term originally used as an ethnocultural self-designation by Indo-Iranians in ancient times, in contrast to the nearby outsiders known as 'non-Aryan' (*an-arya). In Ancient India, the term ā́rya was used by the Indo-Aryan speakers of the Vedic period as an endonym (self-designation) and in reference to a region known as Āryāvarta ('abode of the Aryas'), where the Indo-Aryan culture emerged. In the Avesta scriptures, ancient Iranian peoples similarly used the term airya to designate themselves as an ethnic group, and in reference to their mythical homeland, Airyanǝm Vaēǰō ('expanse of the Aryas' or 'stretch of the Aryas'). The stem also forms the etymological source of place names such as Iran. Although the stem *arya- may be of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) origin, its use as an ethnocultural self-designation is only attested among Indo-Iranian peoples, and it is not known if PIE speakers had a term to designate themselves as 'Proto-Indo-Europeans'. Scholars point out that, even in ancient times, the idea of being an Aryan was cultural and linguistic, not racial.Cultural and Linguistic if we agree that the language defines culture
Another root, not relevant to the root *ar yet close in meaning is *yew(e)s- appears to be connected with ritualistic laws, as suggested by the Latin iūs ('law, right, justice, duty'), Avestan yaož-dā- ('make ritually pure'), and Sanskrit śáṃca yóśca ('health and happiness'), with a derived adjective *yusi(iy)os seen in Old Irish uisse ('just right, fitting') and possibly Old Church Slavonic istǔ ('actual, true').Interwoven with the root *h₂er- ('to fit') is the verbal root *dʰeh₁-, which means 'to put, lay down, establish', but also 'speak, say; bring back'.
The Greek thémis and the Sanskrit dhāman both derive from the PIE noun for the 'Law', *dʰeh₁-men-, literally 'that which is established'. This notion of 'Law' includes an active principle, denoting an activity in obedience to the cosmic order *h₂értus, which in a social context is interpreted as a lawful conduct:
The word Formula to formulate a word rings true to structured language needs..
Iconic in meaning are words like Armenian Hay Hayk Armeni, Armeneak Kadmus, Damusi
Where is the lexical derivation, the principal for the creation of old or new words.
In linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word. An affixation can take the form such as a prefix, suffix, infix, circumfix, and transfix.
In the Greek daughter culture, the Titaness Themis personifies the cosmic order and the rules of lawful conduct which derived from it and the Vedic code of lawful conduct, the Dharma, can also be traced back to the PIE root *dʰeh₁-. The name of the Vedic creator god Dhātr, and possibly by the Greek nymph Thetis, presented as a demiurgical goddess in Alcman's poetry.
The Armenian principal of RTA within the phrase 'Gark & Ganon,' կարգ կանոն which translates to 'order & canon' of the cosmos speaks volumes regarding the principled foundation of the language. կարգ a noun: Order, rank, rule, class, row, range, turn, series. կանոն a noun: Rule, statute, regulation, order, canon. I introduce it for I believe the principals that are the foundation of the Armenian Logos are those that can be declared to be based on basic truisms as empirically observed in natural phenomena.
ARURU, In the Babylonian Creation Legend created Enkidu, companion of Gilgamesh, from a piece of clay manufactured from her own spittle.
Armanism and Ariosophy: The term 'Ariosophy', which means the wisdom of the Aryans, List actually called his doctrine 'Armanism'.The esoteric doctrine (Armanism) was concerned with the secret mysteries of the gnosis, reserved for the initiated elite. List was familiar with the cyclical notion of time, which he encountered in Norse mythology and in the theosophical adaptation of the Hindu time cycles. He had already made use of cosmic rhythms in his early journalism on natural landscapes.[20] In his later works[Note 3] List combined the cyclical concept of time with the "dualistic and linear time scheme" of western apocalyptic which counterposes a pessimism about the present world with an ultimate optimism regarding the future one.[22] In Das Geheimnis der Runen,[23] List addresses the seeming contradiction by explaining the final redemption of the linear time frame as an exoteric parable that stands for the esoteric truth of renewal in many future cycles and incarnations. However, in the original Norse myths and Hinduism, the cycle of destruction and creation is repeated indefinitely, thus offering no possibility of ultimate salvation.
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