SUPERNATURAL BEING VISHAP THE ARMENIAN DRAGON
c. 2560 BC: Construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza is completed.
c. 2500 BC: Scribal schools flourish throughout Sumer.
c. 2500 BC: Assyria is established.
c. 2500 BC: Cylinder seal from Sumer and its impression are made.
c. 2500 BC: The Pyramid of Khafre, Giza, is built.
c. 2500 BC: The sculpture Khafre Enthroned is made.
c. 2500–2250 BC: Ebla tablets are collected in the ancient city of Ebla, Syria. A library.
c. 2494–2345 BC: "Sculptors at work", relief from Saqqara, Fifth Dynasty.
c. 2494–2345 BC: The Seated Scribe, a sculpture at Saqqara, Fifth Dynasty of Egypt is made.
c. 2492 BC: Traditional date for the legendary foundation of Armenia by Hayk.
c. 2450 BC: End of Early Dynastic IIIa,beginning of the Early Dynastic IIIb Period in Sumer.
c. 2450 BC: Kish is lost to Hamazi tribesmen of the Kurdistan mountains.
c. 2450 BC: Elam under the Awan dynasty occupies parts of Sumer. (Roux 1980)
c. 2410 BC: Kings in Sumer have cease to be high priests of city deity.
c. 2410 BC: Ccnquest of Mesopotamia by ancient Semitic-speaking peoples begins.
c. 2400–2200 BC: Construction of Stonehenge
c. 2400 BC: Megalithic culture begins spread through Europe and the western Mediterranean.
c. 2400 BC: Earliest signs of Corded Ware culture from the Caucasus.
c. 2400 BC: Amorites and Canaanites occupy Syria and Lebanon. (Encyc. Americana)
c. 2400 BC: The Indus Valley Civilisation, at its peak, covered an area of around 480,000 km2 (185,000 sq mi), an area just over half the size of present-day Pakistan. Its heartland lay in the Indus River in Pakistan, but settlements spread as far as the Makran coast,
The Meteorological or Naturist School holds that Proto-Indo-European myths initially emerged as explanations for natural phenomena, such as the Sky, the Sun, the Moon, and the Dawn. Rituals were therefore centered around the worship of those elemental deities. This interpretation was popular among early scholars, such as Friedrich Max Müller, who saw all myths as fundamentally solar allegories.
Ar defines the First Position Cosmic order
Linguistic evidence has led scholars to reconstruct the concept of *h₂értus, denoting 'what is fitting, rightly ordered', and ultimately deriving from the verbal root *h₂er-, 'to fit'. Descendant cognates include Hittite āra ('right, proper'); Sanskrit ṛta ('divine/cosmic law, force of truth, or order'); Avestan arəta- ('order'); Greek artús ('arrangement'), possibly arete ('excellence') via the root *h₂erh₁ ('please, satisfy'); Latin artus ('joint'); Tocharian A ārtt- ('to praise, be pleased with'); Armenian ard ('ornament, shape'); Middle High German art ('innate feature, nature, fashion').
Interwoven with the root *h₂er- ('to fit') is the verbal root *dʰeh₁-, which means 'to put, lay down, establish', but also 'speak, say; bring back'. The Greek thémis and the Sanskrit dhāman both derive from the PIE noun for the 'Law', *dʰeh₁-men-, literally 'that which is established'. This notion of 'Law' includes an active principle, denoting an activity in obedience to the cosmic order *h₂értus, which in a social context is interpreted as a lawful conduct: In the Vedic code of lawful conduct, the Dharma, can also be traced back to the PIE root *dʰeh₁-. According to Martin L. West, the root *dʰeh₁- also denotes a divine or cosmic creation, as attested by the Hittite expression nēbis dēgan dāir ("...established heaven (and) earth"), the Young Avestan formula kə huvāpå raocåscā dāt təmåscā? ("What skilful artificer made the regions of light and dark?"), the name of the Vedic creator god Dhātr.
Origin of Arya
The name Arya is from an old Indo-Iranian root. In Indian, it is a unisex name and in Iranian, it’s a masculine name. Arya is also a name of Aramaic or Hebrew origin.
Guido von List elaborated a racial religion premised on the concept of renouncing the imposed Semitic creed of Christianity and returning to the native religions of the ancient Indo-Europeans (List preferred the equivalent term Ario-Germanen, or 'Aryo-Germanics'). List recognised the theoretical distinction between the Proto-Indo-European language and its daughter Proto-Germanic language but frequently obscured it by his tendency to treat them as a single long-lived entity (although this framing is also used in linguistics as the Germanic parent language).[9] In this, he became strongly influenced by the Theosophical thought of Madame Blavatsky, which he blended however with his own highly original beliefs, founded upon Germanic paganism.[10]
Before he turned to occultism, Guido List had written articles for German Nationalist newspapers in Austria, as well as four historical novels and three plays, some of which were "set in tribal Germany" before the advent of Christianity. He also had written an anti-semitic essay in 1895. List adopted the aristocratic von between 1903 and 1907.
List called his doctrine Armanism after the Armanen, supposedly a body of priest-kings in the ancient Aryo-Germanic nation. He claimed that this German name had been Latinized into the tribal name Herminones mentioned in Tacitus and that it actually meant the heirs of the sun-king: an estate of intellectuals who were organised into a priesthood called the Armanenschaft.[12]
Vitriol is the general chemical name encompassing a class of chemical compound comprising sulfates of certain metals – originally, iron or copper. Those mineral substances were distinguished by their color, such as green vitriol for hydrated iron(II) sulfate and blue vitriol for hydrated copper(II) sulfate.
These materials were originally found as crystals formed by evaporation of groundwater that percolated through sulfide minerals and collected in pools on the floor of old mines. The word vitriol comes from the Latin word vitriolus, meaning "small glass", as those crystals resembled pieces of colored glass.
Oil of vitriol was an old name for concentrated sulfuric acid, which was historically obtained through the dry distillation (pyrolysis) of vitriols. The name, shortened to vitriol, continued to be used for this viscous liquid long after the minerals came to be called "sulfates". The term vitriolic in the sense of "harshly condemnatory" is derived from the corrosive nature of this substance.
The study of vitriol began in ancient times. Sumerians had a list of types of vitriol that they classified according to the substances' color. Some of the earliest discussions on the origin and properties of vitriol is in the works of the Greek physician Dioscorides (first century AD) and the Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder (23–79 AD). Galen also discussed its medical use. Metallurgical uses for vitriolic substances were recorded in the Hellenistic alchemical works of Zosimos of Panopolis, in the treatise Phisica et Mystica, and the Leyden papyrus X.
IN this post I take nature for an internal principle of motion, as when we say that a stone let fall in the air is by nature carried towards the centre of the earth, and, we say, on the contrary, that fire or flame does naturally move upwards toward firmament. The use of the word nature is relative, as nature is wont to be set or in opposition or contradistinction to other things, as when we say of the stone when it falls downwards that it does it by a natural motion, but that if it be thrown upwards its motion upward is violent.
The philosophy of naturalism contends that nothing exists beyond the natural world, and as such approaches supernatural claims with skepticism.
The underworld was considered the supernatural world of the styx, the aqueous poisonous .......and the dead in various ancient cultures and religious traditions, out of sight, located below the world of the living visited and worked by the Vulcan and his helpers.
Chthonic is the technical adjective for things of the underworld. The concept of an underworld is found in almost every civilization and "may be as old as humanity itself".
The word chthonic is derived from the Ancient Greek word χθών, “khthon”, meaning earth or soil. It translates more directly from χθόνιος or “in, under, or beneath the earth” which can be differentiated from Γῆ, or “ge”, which speaks to the living surface of land on the earth.
Skeptics like myself assert that the supernatural cannot exist in that anything "supernatural" is not a part of the natural world simply by definition. Although some believers in the supernatural insist that it simply cannot be demonstrated using the existing scientific methods, skeptics assert that such methods is the best tool humans have devised for knowing what is and isn't knowable.
The ancient Dragons are mythical creatures that are said to take the form of a winged reptilian creature, often with the ability to breath fire. They appear in a variety of forms in cultures around the world. European traditions, the typical dragon protects a cavern. Tales often feature a great hero who tries to slay the dragon. They can move with incredible speed, able to appear suddenly, especially when in flight. In their true form, they have bat-like wings which they use to fly and capture their pray. They can generate heat that can reach temperatures high enough to "flambé" humans and even melt metal with their touch. When engaged in combat in their human form, the heat they generate seems to be their primary weapon. They also can freely change shape from animal to human with monstrous strength. Dragons possess incredible physical force they can overtake and overpower humans through sheer physical force.
The prominent characteristics of the "Vishap" are that they come from the "water" and they are "poisonous"; Thus, they are described as "water dragons with poisonous saliva". The name might derive from an ancient Iranian term vi-šāpa, 'having poisonous juices'.
The volcanic character of the Armenian, Araratian and Aragatsian peaks and its earthquakes especially along the Ghegham Volcanic Ridge, located in west-central Armenia between the capital city of Yerevan and Lake Sevan, contain as many as 127 volcanic centers, lava domes and pyroclastic cones, subaqueous volcanic activity may have be the clue that explains the legends of the supernatural being the Vishap (Վիշապ) a dragon in Armenian mythology closely associated with water. and the vishapakars. The discovery of the subaqueous segment of active faults in western part of Lake Sevan (Armenia) lend creedence to my hypothesis.
The volcanoes and associated lava flows cover a 65-km-long, 35-km-wide area west of Lake Sevan and south of the Hrazdan River and are concentrated along three NNW-SSE-trending alignments. Lava flows from the central and eastern clusters flowed into Lake Sevan. Initial explosive eruptions in the volcanic field were followed by the extrusion of rhyolitic obsidian lava domes and flows. The latest activity produced a series of andesitic and basaltic-andesite cinder cones and lava flows. The central and eastern portions of the field contain large areas of Holocene eruptions with morphologically fresh lava flows devoid of vegetation. The last known eruption is said to have been 1900 BCE
Ancient relict Sevan Lake – “The Jewel of Armenia” or the “Geghama Sea” is one of the largest high-mountainous fresh water lakes in the world and the main attraction not only Gekarkunik, but whole Armenia. This nature's wonder is located in the very middle of Armenian highland in a huge mountain bowl framed with picturesque peaks at the height of 1,900 m. The lake's surface area is 940 sq km, the maximum depth - 95 m; maximum length – about 70 km, width - 30-50 km. Sevan is fed by 28 rivers but only one flows out – the Razdan. The biggest river flowing in the lake is the Mayerik which translates to Mother in Armenian.
The lake was born as the result of volcanic activities of the Geghama ridge. The eruption diked the ancient river valley about 250 thousand years ago. The resulting kettle was filled with outwash from the surrounding ridges and later with river waters. This is all related to the collision and northerly movement of the Arabian plate with respect to the Eurasian plate.
The climate in the vicinities of Sevan Lake is terrific. No matter how hot it is in the valley high up there it is always cool. The temperature of water reaches 18-20 С in summer.The main inhabitant of Sevan Lake is an endangered trout called “ishkhan” translates to 'ruler' in Armenian. The very recent underwater investigations of active geological processes in the Lake Sevan Basin subaqueous segment where more than 30 aligned underwater-source related gas emission points were discovered, reveals the presence of another natural hazard of a lake tsunami or worse, all related to possible future major co-seismic ruptures. The recent sediments of the northwestern Lake Sevan coastline are sandwiched between two blocky lava flows. The radiocarbon dating of bones of bovine mammals (with entire skull), found ~15 cm from the cover of the lake sediments, suggests that the upper blocky basaltic-andesite layer can be a result of eruption younger than ~3400 years BP.
Demon is an evil spirit or devil is one of the subordinate evil spirits of traditional Jewish and Christian belief
Devil.
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Vishap & Teshap from the Shapat or Septad.
Teshap a supernatural air spirit from above responsible for water and fire
The “tree of life” exists in many cultures, Kihe in Armenian, the Tree of Paradise in the Old Testament, and Soma in Hinduism. The mythologies differ slightly, but all place importance on the fruit, the Juniper Berry in Armenia for the juice that it bears causes both life and death.
A well known fact is that Indo-European mythology emphasizes that the water that ran through the tree’s roots more than the tree itself was the deity. For Indo-Europeans, water was both the creator and destroyer of life.
The depths of lakes in Armenia have long held mysteries that until the present have no scientific explanation for. During the Kingdom of Urartu 10th century BCE this phenomenon of fire and water from above was embodied in the logos 'Teshap,' who was said to be the god of the tempest that defeated the mythical water creature, of fire and water from below the Vishap. Teshap became Vahagn in Armenian folklore, an epic hero who slayed the Vishap dragon of Lake Van which from then on became known as Anahit the goddess of love, fertility and pregnancy, the compliment to Vahagn. Vih below as opposed by Tih above on a scale of seven. The Septenary refers to the seven principles of man the idea is that human nature consists of seven principles.
The history of water dragons and serpents in Armenia is complex, it is the result of cross-fertilization of folk epic, and Christian narratives. A prime example is found in the depiction of the story of “Jonah and the Whale” at the Holy Cross Church at Akht’Amar island in Lake Van, present day Turkey. Akht’amar represents the whale as a dragon. The Armenian translation of the Bible distinguishes between the creature that engulfs Jonah, and that which expels him, referring to the former as a fish (ket) and the later as a dragon vishap. The Armenian wording literally links the dragon (vishap) to salvation.
So we see that in Armenian Christianity, Epic tales, and Zoroastrianism, fire and water which have long been associated with creation, fertility and resurrection. Vishap, as a sea-horse, a fish, a whale, or a dragon in myth creatures are metaphoric symbols which have been for millennia re-appropriated through an oral tradition.
It is noteworthy to mention an excerpt from the epic first published in 1874 by Bishop Garegin Srvandtsyants that tells the story of four generations of heroes from Van. It begins with King Gagik whose daughter Tsovinar is forced to marry a Caliph from Bagdad to save Armenia from war. Before making this sacrifice, she goes for a walk by the shores of Lake Van, where she sees a spring emerge from a protruding rock at the lake’s center. Thirsty, she drinks from the spring, impregnating her with twins Sanasar and Baghdassar. When they come of age, the twins escape the Caliph and arrive at Lake Van in search of a seahorse with great powers. Sanasar is fearless and dives into the lake where he discovers a garden, a palace, magic weapons, and the seahorse. In the underwater kingdom, the mother of god gives Sanasar water to drink. He grows strong and tames the seahorse, defeats a water dragon, and returns to land bigger and more virile. The empowering “kat’naghbiur”, or “milky fountain”, from which he drinks is the same water that impregnated his mother. This divine “semen virilis” or combination of milk, semen and power is common imagery in Indian and Syriac Christian traditions. For Zoroastrians, the cosmic sea was called “Vourukasha” or “Sea of milk” and is where serpents lived along with the goddess Anahita who was believed to help with fertility and pregnancy. In this tale, water represents the source of fertility, strength, and hidden blessings only visible to the brave.
Various schools of thought exist regarding possible interpretations of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European mythology. The main mythologies used in comparative reconstruction are Indo-Iranian, Baltic, Roman, and Norse, often supported with evidence from the Celtic, Greek, Slavic, Hittite, Armenian, Illyrian, and Albanian traditions as well.The motif of Chaoskampf (German: [ˈkaːɔsˌkampf]; lit. 'struggle against chaos') is ubiquitous in myth and legend, depicting a battle of a culture hero deity with a chaos monster, often in the shape of a serpent or dragon. Parallel concepts appear in the Middle East and North Africa, such as the abstract conflict of ideas in the Egyptian duality of Maat and Isfet or the battle of Horus and Set.
Hesiod and the Pre-Socratics use the Greek term in the context of cosmogony. Hesiod's Chaos has been interpreted as either "the gaping void above the Earth created when Earth and Sky are separated from their primordial unity" or "the gaping space below the Earth on which Earth rests."[9] Passages in Hesiod's Theogony suggest that Chaos was located below Earth but above Tartarus.[10][11] Primal Chaos was sometimes said to be the true foundation of reality, particularly by philosophers such as Heraclitus.
In Hesiod's Theogony, Chaos was the first thing to exist: "at first Chaos came to be" (or was),[12] but next (possibly out of Chaos) came Gaia, Tartarus, and Eros (elsewhere the name Eros is used for a son of Aphrodite).[a] Unambiguously "born" from Chaos were Erebus and Nyx.[13][14] For Hesiod, Chaos, like Tartarus, though personified enough to have borne children, was also a place, far away, underground and "gloomy," beyond which lived the Titans.[15] And, like the earth, the ocean, and the upper air, it was also capable of being affected by Zeus's thunderbolts.[16]
The notion of the temporal infinity was familiar to the Greek mind from remote antiquity in the religious conception of immortality.[17] The main object of the first efforts to explain the world remained the description of its growth, from a beginning. They believed that the world arose out from a primal unity, and that this substance was the permanent base of all its being. Anaximander claims that the origin is apeiron (the unlimited), a divine and perpetual substance less definite than the common elements (water, air, fire, and earth) as they were understood to the early Greek philosophers. Everything is generated from apeiron, and must return there according to necessity.[18] A conception of the nature of the world was that the earth below its surface stretches down indefinitely and has its roots on or above Tartarus, the lower part of the underworld.[19] In a phrase of Xenophanes, "The upper limit of the earth borders on air, near our feet. The lower limit reaches down to the "apeiron" (i.e. the unlimited)."[19] The sources and limits of the earth, the sea, the sky, Tartarus, and all things are located in a great windy-gap, which seems to be infinite, and is a later specification of "chaos".[19][20]
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