PARADIGMATIC LOVERS BOTH KINNIRA AND CINYRAS PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN

Life begins when male and female meet and make love.
Every home is a palace when furnished with love.
A Paradigm is a pattern, a way of doing something, especially (now often pejorative) a pattern of thought, a system of beliefs, a conceptual framework.

Synonyms: model, worldview

The Merriam-Webster Online dictionary defines paradigma as "a philosophical and theoretical framework of a scientific school or discipline within which theories, laws, and generalizations and the experiments performed in support of them are formulated; broadly: a philosophical or theoretical framework of any kind."
Looking for an Indo-European link, or a clue of lateral exchanges with ancient Asian cultures and early Indo-Aryans, N.W.Syrian, Canaan, Levant, Cyprus, Asia Minor, Peloponnese and beyond. Kinnara and Kinyras are very similar.

In Hindu mythology, a kinnara is a paradigmatic lover and like Cypriot Cinyras is a paradigmatic lover as well as a celestial musician. Kinnara and Kinnari, which are believed to originate from the Himalayas and again like Cinyras are said to watch over the well-being of all humans, always appearing in times of need, trouble or danger. Their character is clarified in the Adi parva of the Mahabharata, where the pair, Kinnara and Kinnari say:

We are everlasting lover and beloved. We never separate. We are eternally husband and wife; never do we become mother and father. No offspring is seen in our lap. We are lover and beloved ever-embracing. In between us we do not permit any third creature demanding affection. Our life is a life of perpetual pleasure.

They are also featured in a number of Buddhist texts, including the Lotus Sutra. An ancient Indian string instrument is known as the Kinnari Veena. Again we trace Cinyras with the Lyre in Cyprus.

In Southeast Asian mythology, Kinnaris, the female counterpart of Kinnaras, are depicted as half-bird, half-woman creatures. Cinyras also worshiped Kypris/Aphrodite who took to the air on the back of a Goose/Swan. Kinnaris have the head, torso, and arms of a woman and the wings, tail and feet of a swan. The golden figures of kinnaree adorned the Wat Phra Kaew in Bangkok, which describe a half-maiden, half-goose figure. Like Kypris/Aphrodite She is renowned for her dance, song and poetry, and is the traditional symbol of feminine beauty, grace and accomplishment.

In the Chanda Kinnara Jataka the devotion of the Kinnarai to her wounded Kinnara husband brings Indra on the scene to cure him from the wound. The Kinnaras are noted for their long life.

he Jatakas describe the Kinnaras as innocent and harmless, hop like birds, are fond of music and song, and with the female beating a drum and male like Cinyras, playing on lute. In Jataka No.504, we have the autobiography of a Kinnara who describes the Kinnara class as human-like the wild things deem us; huntsmen call us goblins still.
The Kinnaras can sing, play the flute and dance with soft movements (SALM) of the body. Kalidasa in his Kumara Sambhava describes them as dwelling in the Himalayas. Kinnaras lived also over the hills of Pandaraka, Trikutaka, Mallangiri, Candapabbata, and Gandhamandana (Jataka No. 485).
They were tender-hearted and Jataka No. 540 refers to the story of the Kinnaras nursing a human baby whose parents have gone away to the woods. Flowers formed their dress.
Their food was flower pollen and their cosmetics were made of flower perfumes.^[6]The pair of Kinnara and Kinnari are usually depicted guarding Kalpataru, the tree of life, and sometimes guarding a jar of treasure.

The kinnari exists in both Buddhist and Hindu mythology. In Buddhism, the kinnari, a half-human, and half-bird creature represent enlightened action. The Buddhist Lotus Sutra mentions the kinnari as the celestial musician in the Himavanta realm. The kinnari takes the form of a centaur, in India's epic poem, the Mahabharata, and in the Veda's Purana part.

In the Sanskrit language, the name Kinnara contains a question mark (Sanskrit : किन्नर?) i.e. is this man? Is this human or is this ape? 

In the Mahabharata, Kinnara Kingdom refers to the territory of a tribe called Kinnaras, who were one among the exotic tribes. They, along with others, were inhabitants of the Himalaya mountains.
The people of the Gangetic Plain looked upon them with wonder and considered them as super-human.

Kinnaras were mysteriously linked with horses. The Puranas mention them as being horse-necked beings.

The epic Mahabharata mentions Kinnaras, not as horse-headed beings but as beings who were half-man and half-horse (similar to the Centaur from Greek Mythology).

The Mahabharata and the Puranas describe regions north of the Himalayas as the abode of Kinnaras. This region was also the abode of a tribe of people called Kambojas.
Kambojas were fierce warriors skilled in horse riding and horse warfare. Some of them were robber-tribes who invaded village-settlements, by raiding them using their skilled cavalry-forces.
The myth of Kinnaras probably came from these horsemen. Another reference in the epic considers them as a sub-group of the Gandharvas.

Mandara mountain is said to be the abode of the Kinnaras: There is a mountain called Mandara adorned with cloud-like peaks. It is covered all over with intertwining herbs. There countless birds pour forth their melodies, and beasts of prey roam about.

Kinnaras are mentioned as half-men and half-horses. They are described as kinsmen of other exotic tribes.

Kinnaras were mentioned along with other exotic tribes like the Nagas, Uragas, Pannagas, Suparnas, Vidyadharas, Siddhas, Charanas, Valikhilyas, Pisachas, Gandharvas, Apsaras, Kimpurushas, Yakshas, Rakhsasas, and Vanaras at various places. 

In the Ramnayana, the kinnars are mentioned along with the Devas, gandharvas, sidhas and Apsaras.

The kinnars were an effeminate race, always represented as indulging in the amorous sports. In Manusmriti, Manu also mentions that the sons of Attri are said to be the fathers of Daityas, Danavas, Yakshas, Gandharvas, Uragas, Rakshasas and Kinnars.  
Attri is a Vedic sage, who is credited with composing a large number of hymns to Agni, Indra and other Vedic deities of Hinduism. Atri is one of the Saptarishi (seven great Vedic sages) in the Hindu tradition, and the one most mentioned in its scripture Rigveda.^[1]The mention about Atri is found in various scriptures, with the notable being in Rig Veda. He is also associated with various ages, the notable being in Treta Yuga during Ramayana, when he and Anusuya advised Rama and his wife Sita.

Yellow transforms pride into wisdom of sameness, the color all the women wore when the Master/Budda visited to tell of the difference between LOVE AND LUST.

KINYRAS GOVERNS CYPRUS BY THE METAPHYSICAL UNION OF AIR AND WATER his father in law Pygmalion is like him a paradigmatic lover where the female is like the Kinnara devoted for life, faithful for life till death. When Ptolemy destroyed Paphos the Queen/Wife/Mother of Cinyras all killed themselves and their children rather than submit to Ptolemy. Yes just like the story of the Himalayan Kinnara who refused the offer of the lustful king who killed her lover. 

It seems that the effeminacy of a 'man' was laid to the charge of the air and of the water coming together. THUS SOFT WATER, THE SOFT WATERS AND AIR OF SALMASIS SOFTENED THE HARD ROUGH OF THE MASCULINE. Surly we are speaking of the making of a GENTLEMAN, KI-BAR MART IN ARMENIAN.

THE BEST CHRONOLOGICAL LINE THAT LEADS US TO A MAN NAMED KINYRAS, OF CYPRUS.

§ 3.14.3  Herse had by Hermes a son Cephalus, whom Dawn loved and carried off, and consorting with him in Syria bore a son Tithonus, who had a son Phaethon, who had a son Astynous, who had a son Sandocus, who passed from Syria to Cilicia and founded a city Celenderis, and having married Pharnace, daughter of Megassares, king of Hyria, begat Cinyras. This Cinyras in Cyprus, whither he had come with some people, founded Paphos; and having there married Metharme/Galatea - which is also the name of Polyphemus's object of desire in Theocritus's Idylls VI and XI and is linked with Polyphemus again in the myth of Acis and Galatea in Ovid's Metamorphoses, - daughter of Pygmalion, king of Cyprus, he begat Oxyporus and Adonis, and besides them daughters, Orsedice, Laogore, and Braesia. These by reason of the wrath of Aphrodite cohabited with foreigners, and ended their life in Egypt.

Salmakis a Naiads, Nymphs of the 'Purest underground Spring Waters,' were associated with all fresh water sources and cultures, and the Nereids were associated specifically with the rivers sources and streams that ran into the north eastern salty Oceanos, the Mediterranean. The ancient Greeks thought of the world's waters as all one system, which percolated from the sea into deep cavernous spaces within the earth. Arethusa, for example was the nymph of a spring, that could make her way through subterranean flows from the Peloponnesus and surface on the island of Sicily.

In Greek Mythology Cynuria (ἡ Κυνουρία - Kynouria^[1] or ἡ Κυνουριακή - Kynouriake^[2]) is an ancient district on the eastern coast of the Peloponnese, between the Argolis and Laconia, so called from the Cynurians, one of the most ancient tribes in the peninsula. It was believed to have taken its name from the mythical Cynurus. Herodotus regarded the Cynurians as autochthones  and at the same time called them Ionians. There can be little doubt, however, that they were Pelasgians; but in consequence of their maritime position, they were regarded as a different race from the Arcadian Pelasgians, and came to be looked upon as Ionians, which was the case with the Pelasgians dwelling upon the coast of the Corinthian gulf, in the district afterwards called Achaia and also Boetia. Kynouros has been inhabited at least since neolithic times, with the installation of pre-Hellenic migration grroups (Danaans, Ionians and Dorians successively). The area soon became a target of her powerful neighbors, the Spartans, the Argives and Arcadians / habitats of Tegea. She was mainly the bone of contention between the Spartans and the Argives, as it was located between the two states and had great geo-strategic position, which resulted in warfare (the end of the 11th century bc, according to Herodotus). 
The Siren from Kynouria has the body of a bird, wide and strongly stylized ... is a necklace with a small round pendant in the middle, perhaps a pomegranate. Check my blog on KNR, Ki-Nura for it translates to the Ki=Essence of NR=LIGHT and or Pomegranate. The Sufis consider that NUR/light was created first, then all other beings and things were created from it. Sufis in medieval Bengal developed the concept into detailed narratives of the way in which the world came into being from nūr. The Nur movement in modern Turkey, evolved from Sufi concepts, emphasizes inner understanding and control. Nūr (Arabic: النور‎) may refer to the "Light of God" or the "Muhammadan Light" in Islam. The word "nūr'" means "light" in Arabic and is common in many other languages, including Proto-Indo-European languages.

The word nūr comes from the same root as the Hebrew aor, the primal light described in the Book of Genesis that was created at the beginning.^[1] The word nūr, or its derivatives, occurs forty-nine times in the Quran. It is used in reference to God, Muhammad, the Quran, the Book, the Torah, the moon and the faithful men and women. Al-nur is often used in combination with zulumat (darkness) in terms that describe movement from darkness into light, and from ignorance into faith.^[2] The word nūr is also used in eight basic referential meanings:^[3]

1. The religion of Islam
2. Faith
3. God's commandments and moral laws in the Torah and the Gospels
4. The light of day
5. The guiding light that God will give to the faithful on the Day of Resurrection
6. The commandments and injunctions of the Quran
7. Justice
8. The light of the moon

THE GEOGRAPHIC PROXIMITY OF CYNURIA TO THE KINGDOM OF HYRIA - WHERE PHARANACE, KINYRAS MOTHER COMES FROM - IS THE REASON I HAVE INTRODUCED CYNURUS AS A POSSIBLE LEAD.
In Greek mythology, Cynurus (Κύνουρος, Kúnouros) was a Mycenaean prince. He was the son of Perseus and Andromeda and thus brother of Perses, Alcaeus, Sthenelus, Electryon, Mestor, Heleus, Gorgophone and Autochthe. Cynurus was the eponymous founder of a city Cynura in Cynuria, Laconia, populated by Argive emigrants.

Perseus (/ˈpɜːrsiəs, -sjuːs/; Greek: Περσεύς) is the legendary founder of Mycenae and of the Perseid dynasty, who, alongside Cadmus and Bellerophon, was the greatest Greek hero and slayer of monsters before the days of Heracles.^[1] He beheaded the Gorgon Medusa for Polydectes and saved Andromeda from the sea monster Cetus. He was the son of Zeus and the mortal Danaë, as well as the half-brother and great-grandfather of Heracles.

Also in Greek mythology, we have the survivor Cypriot Cinyras (Ancient Greek: Κινύρας – Kinyras) that is a famous hero and King/Priest of Cyprus. Accounts vary significantly as to his genealogy and provide a variety of stories concerning him; in many sources he is associated with the cult of Aphrodite on Cyprus, where She represents the morning star as a daughter of Dawn. Adonis is also said to be the son of Cinyras. Some scholars have proposed a connection with the minor Ugaritic deity Kinaru(m), the god of the lyre. 

Greek and Roman literature and in the Christian fathers such as Clement of Alexandria, the story of Cinyras is passed on to us as follows. 
They say that on Cyprus, Cinyras was revered as the creator of art and of musical instruments, such as the flute. In one source, he is also noted for his physical beauty.

A Cyprian, is mentioned by Pliny, Agriopas and a Cyprian, who was credited to have invented tiles and discovered copper-mines, both of which were raw materials readily available on the island of Cyprus. He was also regarded as the expert smelter metallurgist, blacksmith, having invented the tong, the hammer, the lever, and the anvil. 

According to the Bibliotheca, Cinyras was a descendant of Eos/Dawn and Cephalus/Head. 
Cinyras parents were Sandocus, son of Astynous (himself son of Phaethon), and Pharnace, daughter of Megassares (king of Hyria).

KINYRAS AND A NAIAD/SALMAKIS

Robert Graves my guiding light, offered a sociopolitical reading of the common myth-type in which a mythic king, like Cinyras is credited with marrying a naiad/Salmakis and founding a city.
This was also how the newly arrived Hellenes justifying their presence and established themselves in a new territory.
The loves and rapes of Zeus, according to Graves' and my readings, record the supplanting of ancient local cults by Olympian ones (Graves 1955, passim).

Aristaeus also had more than ordinary mortal experience with the naiads: when his bees died in Thessaly, he went to consult them. His aunt Arethusa invited him below the water's surface, where he was washed with water from a perpetual spring and given advice on how to go forth.
Also, in the back-story of the myth of Aristaeus, Hypseus, a king of the Lapiths, married Chlidanope, a Naiad, who bore him Cyrene. Kyrenia?

.

Cinyras' father, Sandocus, who they recorded passed from  NWSyria to Cilicia and founded a city Celenderis, and having married Pharnace, daughter of Megassares, king of Hyria, begat Cinyras.  
Hyria (Ionic: Ὑρίη Huriē, Koine: Ὑρία Huria;^[1]) is a toponym mentioned in Homer's catalogue of the ships, where the leading position in the list is given to the contingents from Boeotia, where Hyria and stony Aulis, where the fleet assembled, lead the list.
I have to put forward the possibility that HYRIA could read Ya*Rhea as in the progeny of Rhea, who is usually shown as a matronly woman with a turret crown, standing between two lions. The moon is her symbols representing her as a fertility Earth Goddess. Other symbols include a lighted torch, the brass drums and the double ax.

Now Cinyras comes on the scene and upon his arrived in Cyprus approximately 1450 B.C. with some of his people, the number offered 90, founded the town of Paphos and married Metharme the daughter of newly refined Pygmalion, a king or Craftsman of Cyprus. Cinyras children sons are Adonis and Oxyporos, and daughters Braesia, Laogora, Orsedice. Oxiporos suggests the crust, the surface say of earth  typically broadly attached to the substrate. A covering of a fibrous to woody texture.

These poor maidens by reason of the wrath of the Greek Aphrodite were said to have cohabited with foreigners, and ended their life in Egypt.

Laodice was also called the daughter of Cinyras. She married Elatus, son of Arcas, and had by him two sons Stymphalus and Pereus.

Hyginus consistently calls him a son of Paphos (presumably the eponym of Paphos),^[15] and a scholiast on Pindar makes him a son of Eurymedon and the nymph Paphia.^[16] In other sources he is the husband of Galatea.

SO CINYRAS IS A LOVER OF DAWN AND OF INDO-EUROPEAN  LOGOS.
In Babylonian mythology, Aya is the very ancient goddess of the Dawn; She was often called the Bride of the Sun. She was the Divine consort of Shamash and the mother of Misharu (god of law and order) and Kittu (god of justice). She was associated with many graces most importantly, sexual union love and fruitfulness. Much later, She was merged into the mythology of the goddess Ishtar, and it was said that there was a Gate of Ishtar/Aya leading out of the Underworld into the light, no doubt the opening through which the Morning Star with the Light of Dawn appeared. Like other goddesses of the dawn, she was associated with the eastern mountains which are seen as symbolically giving birth to the sun each day as it crests the peaks and rises into the sky. 
The Babylonians believed that Aya's mystical union or as later described as the sacred marriage with the sun god caused all vegetation to grow and flourish. She was invoked at all beginnings when a potent surge of energy was needed to bring the renewing light of day. 

In the Bibliotheca we read of Dawn in Greek mythology, - Eos/- (/ˈiːɒs/; Ionic and Homeric Greek Ἠώς Ēōs, Attic Ἕως Éōs, "dawn", pronounced [ɛːɔ̌ːs] or [héɔːs]; Aeolic Αὔως Aúōs, Doric Ἀώς Āṓs) -is a Titaness and the goddess^[1] of the dawn, who rose each morning from her home at the edge of the Oceanus. 

Eos had a brother and a sister, Helios, god of the sun, and Selene, goddess of the moon.

Eos is cognate to the Vedic goddess Ushas, and according to Sri Aurobindo, Ushas is "the medium of the awakening, the activity and the growth/bria of the other gods; she is the first condition of the Vedic realisation. By her increasing illumination the whole nature of man is clarified; through her [mankind] arrives at the Truth, through her he enjoys [Truth's] beatitude."
Lithuanian goddess Austrine, and Roman goddess Aurora (Old LatinAusosa), are also goddesses of the dawn. All threr are considered derivatives of the Proto-Indo-European stem *h₂ewsṓs^[2] (later *Ausṓs), "dawn", a stem that also gave rise to Proto-Germanic *Austrō, Old Germanic*Ōstara and Old English Ēostre/Ēastre. This agreement leads to the reconstruction of a Proto-Indo-European dawn goddess of the day and the year of everything the first cause.

Dawn dispels darkness, reveals the treasures and truths hidden, illuminating the world as it is. Truth. Thus Eos, preceded by the Morning Star, is seen as the genetrix of all the stars and planets; her tears are considered to have created the morning dew, personified as Ersa or Herse (Ovid, Metamorphoses 13.621-2). Eos is the daughter of Hyperion, a bringer of light, the One Above, Who Travels High Above the Earth and of Theia, The Divine is her brother the Sun god Helios, and her sister was Selene, the Moon goddess. Her team of horses pull her chariot across the sky and are named in the Odyssey as "Firebright" and "Daybright".

She was the Mother of several notable offspring, including the Winds, Zephyrus, Boreas, and Notus, and the Morning Star, Eosphoros, all of whom she bore to the Titan Astraeus ("of the Stars"), and Memnon, her son by Tithonus.

This rosy-fingered, saffron-robed and golden-throned goddess, who goes up to Olympus to announce the light to the immortals, fell in love several times, and some say it was Aphrodite who replaced Dawn, after cursing her for being perpetually in love, because once an eon prior to Aphrodite coming on the scene Eos had lain with Ares, Aphrodite's passionate lustful fiery, out of wedlock lover. 

Hyperion is the Titan of light, the father of the sun, the moon, and the dawn.
Hyperion with his sister, the Titaness Theia, fathered Helios (Sun), Selene (Moon) and Eos (Dawn). So who was Hyperion. It seems he brought forth Cephalon/MINDHEAD.

"Hyperion we are told was the first to understand, by diligent attention and observation, the movement of both the sun and the moon and the other stars, and the seasons as well, in that they are caused by these bodies, and to make these facts known to others; and that for this reason he was called the father of these bodies, since he had begotten, so to speak, the speculation about them and their nature."— Diodorus Siculus (5.67.1)

PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN DAWN or DANi-EL.

The Functionalist School holds that Proto-Indo-European society and, consequently, their mythology, was largely centered around the trifunctional system proposed by Georges Dumézil,^[6] which holds that Proto-Indo-European society was divided into three distinct social classes: farmers, warriors, and priests. The Structuralist School, by contrast, argues that Proto-Indo-European mythology was largely centered around the concept of dualistic opposition. This approach generally tends to focus on cultural universals within the realm of mythology, rather than the genetic origins of those myths, but it also offers refinements of the Dumézilian trifunctional system by highlighting the oppositional elements present within each function, such as the creative and destructive elements both found within the role of the warrior. Yet nothing about the Dawn Goddess DNY, the Danaya the lovers, brothers, sons of Dawn.

Cephalus/Head, a founding "head" as of a great family, a tribe, a clan, a society, a culture.

It could be that Cephalus means the head/brain/mind of the Sun who kills (evaporates) Procris (dew) with his unerring ray or 'javelin'. Cephalus was the active lover of the dawn goddess Eos/Ushas. AND Herse had by Hermes a son Cephalus, whom Dawn loved and carried off, and consorting with him in Syria bore a son Tithonus, who had a son Phaethon, who had a son Astynous, who had a son Sandocus, who passed from Syria to Cilicia and founded a city Celenderis, and having married Pharnace, daughter of Megassares, king of Hyria, begat Cinyras. This Cinyras in Cyprus, whither he had come with some people, founded Paphos; and having there married Metharme, daughter of Pygmalion, king of Cyprus, he begat Oxyporus and Adonis, and besides them daughters, Orsedice, Laogore, and Braesia. These by reason of the wrath of Aphrodite cohabited with foreigners, and ended their life in Egypt. Appolodoros.

Asha (/ˈʌʃə/; also arta /ˈɑːrtə/; Avestan: aša/arta) is a concept of cardinal importance^[1] to Zoroastrian theology and doctrine. In the moral sphere, aša/arta represents what has been called "the decisive confessional concept of Zoroastrianism".^[2] The opposite of Avestan aša is druj, "deceit, falsehood".

The significance of the term is complex, with a highly nuanced range of meaning. It is commonly summarized in accord with its contextual implications of 'truth' and 'right(eousness)', 'order' and 'right working'

BATHS OF SALMAKIS SPRING  ENHANCED  THE POWER OF THE HERMAPHRODITE KINYRAS OF CYPRUS. KYPRIS/APHRODITE. 

Salmacis or Salmakis was the name of a fountain or spring located in modern day Bodrum, Turkey. According to some classical authors, the water or the nymphs, had the reputation of making men effeminate and soft. In 1995, the so-called 'Salmakis Inscription' was discovered by Turkish authorities on the promontory of Kaplan Kalesi, which juts out into the sea to the south-west of Bodrum harbour.

The inscription is a poem sixty lines long, partly damaged but mainly well preserved, and was cut into an ancient wall sometime during the Hellenistic period. It is written in elegiac verse and the general theme is one of civilization. The first lines form the poet's invocation of the goddess Aphrodite, early in Aphrodite's story we encounter the water nymph Salmacis and her son Hermaphroditus:

“

Having settled the lovely promontory sung of as dear to the immortals by the sweet stream of Salmakis, she (Halikarnassos) controls the beautiful dwelling of the nymph who once received our boy, Hermaphroditos, in her kindly arms and bred him to become an extraordinary man, who invented matrimony for mankind and was the first to fasten the matrimonial bed by law. She in her turn under the sacred streams dripping in the cave tempers the savage minds of men.[1]

”

The inscription also contains a list of famous authors born in Halikarnassos. First on the list being the Greek historian Herodotos.T
he Catalogue of Halikarnassian Authors The poem continues with a catalogue of authors (lines 43–54) who are also to be considered part of the amoibe, which Zeus gave Halikarnassos in return for her favours. It seems that the list is fairly chronological and within the chronological frame determined by genre. This is in keeping with the fashion of the Hellenistic period. All the authors mentioned belong to the Classical and the Hellenistic period. The catalogue enumerates and characterizes authors who are already known to have been citizens of Halikarnassos, but it holds surprises for the modern reader. The list starts in the 5th century with Herodotos, here called the Homer of prose. That feels natural to us, since his Historiai on The Persian Wars made him the indisputably most famous Halikarnassian author until today. Andron is next in line. Like Herodotos he was a historian and it is well-known that he was a Halikarnassian. Andron was the author of Suggeniká or Suggéneiai in eight books38. Following him comes Panyassis, characterized as a master of epic. Panyassis is perhaps known today mostly because of his relationship to Herodotos, whose uncle or nephew he was, but in Hellenistic times he was greatly admired for his now lost epic about Heracles, the Herakleian. 'She sowed Herodotos, the Homer of history in prose, reared the famous art of Andron, The Pride of Halikarnassos made Panyassis shoot forth to command the epic so outstandingly and gave birth to Kyprias who composed the Iliaka.
It is now being housed in the Museum of Underwater Archaeology at Bodrum Castle. WOW.

Ovid famously recounts the myth in his story about Hermaphroditus and the nymph of the spring Salmacis. In Book IV of his poem Metamorphoses, Ovid recounts the myth of how the fountain came to be so in the story of the nymph Salmacis (after whom the fountain is, in this account, named), her attempted rape of Hermaphroditus, and his resultant change into an intersex being. Scholars such as Károly Kerényi have asserted that Ovid's account was not a classical one, or even prejudiced by the Greeks and that the story was in fact invented by him.The Greeks went so far as to brand prostitutes as Salmakides. Then there were the Sirines they were fearful of loosing their MASCULINITY too.

It seems that the main reward from father Zeus to the Halikarnassians was the cave where the nymph Salmakis lived with the son of Aphrodite and Hermes, HermAphroditos. Salmakis made thrive the young man she once took in her arms and accordingly Hermaphroditos developed into an extraordinary man, who benefitted mankind by discovering marriage, and by “binding the marriage-bed by law”. This is probably the only known instance where Hermaphroditos is explicitly connected with the invention of lawful marriage23. The Kinnaras: "We are everlasting lover and beloved. We never separate. We are eternally husband and wife; never do we become mother and father. No offspring is seen in our lap. We are lover and beloved ever-embracing. In between us we do not permit any third creature demanding affection. Our life is a life of perpetual pleasure."

Salmakis for her part tames the wild temper of men by means of the water dripping in the cave. Water Boarding the modern extremist might say.

HALIKARNASSOS

The only hitherto known story about the colonization of Halikarnassos by Anthes or his descendants, since line 32 ends wh the mentioning of the Antheadai. Anthes was the son of Poseidon and Alkyone. Once he was king of what later came to be called Troizen, but at the arrival of the Pelopids at Troizen and Pittheos he left his Argolid kingdom and set sail for Asia Minor. There he founded Halikarnassos. Pausanias has a slightly different version but the end result is the same, namely that the Halikarnassians could and once in a while did proudly call themselves Antheadai, thereby referring to their ancestors who came from Troizen31. Anthes had brought the cult of his father Poseidon with him and his decendants continued to function as the god’s priests. The Halikarnassians kept a list of these priests – which they decided to rewrite around the same time as the poem from Salmakis was cut in the wall. I cannot be sure that Radamanthys is mentioned in line 33. But if so, he might be referred to as a model of lawgiving and synoikism. The role of Ariadne (37) is not as yet clear either.33

The term intersexuality was coined by Richard Goldschmidt in 1917.^[41] The first suggestion to replace the term 'hermaphrodite' with 'intersex' was made by Cawadias in the 1940s. 

I wish we would go back to use of the word INTERSEXUALITY, for it reflects more on mind/body.

In non-European societies, sex or gender questions, systems, acknowledge more than two categories and have allowed for other 'forms' inclusion like both intersex and transgender peoples. Such societies have been characterized by some European societies starting with the Greeks as "primitive".  However Morgan Holmes puts things right when he states that all subsequent analysis since I add the Greeks, has been simplistic or romanticized, all failing to take account of the ways that subjects of all categories are treated with full respect.

A sacred spring, or holy well, is a small body of water emerging from underground and revered either in a Christian, pagan or other religious context, sometimes both.^{[citation needed]} The lore and mythology of ancient Greece was replete with sacred and storied springs, notably  the Corycian, Pierian and Castalian. 

In medieval Europe, holy wells were frequently pagan sacred sites that later became Christianized. The term "holy well" is commonly employed to refer to any water source of limited size (i.e. not a lake or river, but including pools and natural springs and seeps), which has some significance in local folklore. This can take the form of a particular name, an associated legend, the attribution of healing qualities to the water through the numinous presence of its guardian spirit or Christian saint, or a ceremony or ritual centred on the well site. In Christian legend, the spring water is often said to have been made to flow by the action of a saint, a familiar theme especially in the hagiography of Celtic saints.

PHARNACE CAN BE ASSOCIATED WITH VARANACE the City of light, knowledge and learning. a lateral exchange

Traditional etymology links "Varanasi" to the names of two Ganges tributaries forming the city's borders: Varuna, still flowing in northern Varanasi, and Assi, today a small stream in the southern part of the city, near Assi Ghat. The old city is located on the north shores of the Ganges, bounded by Varuna and Assi.^[5]

In the Rigveda, an ancient Indian sacred collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns, the city is referred to as Kāśī (Kashi) from the Sanskrit verbal root kaś- "to shine", making Varanasi known as "City of Light",^[6] the "luminous city as an eminent seat of learning".^[7] The name was also used by pilgrims dating from Buddha's days.

Hindu religious texts use many epithets to refer to Varanasi, such as Kāśikā (Sanskrit: "the shining one"), Avimukta (Sanskrit: "never forsaken" by Shiva), Ānandavana (Sanskrit: "the forest of bliss"), and Rudravāsa (Sanskrit: "the place where Rudra/Śiva resides")

Shiva is the "destroyer of evil and the transformer" within the Trimurti, the Hindu trinity that includes Brahma and Vishnu. In Shaivism tradition, Shiva is the Supreme being who creates, protects and transforms the universe. In the tradition of Hinduism called Shaktism, the Goddess, or Devi, is described as supreme, yet Shiva is revered along with Vishnu and Brahma. A goddess is stated to be the energy and creative power (Shakti) of each, with Parvati (Sati) the equal complementary partner of Shiva. He is one of the five equivalent deities in Panchayatana puja of the Smarta tradition of Hinduism. Asko Parpola states that other archaeological finds such as the early Elamite seals dated to 3000-2750 BCE show similar figures. 

The similarities between the iconography and theologies of Shiva with Greek and European deities have led to proposals for an Indo-European link for Shiva or lateral exchanges with ancient central Asian cultures. His contrasting aspects such as being terrifying or blissful depending on the situation, are similar to those of the Greek god Dionysus,^[82] as are their iconic associations with bull, snakes, anger, bravery, dancing and carefree life.^[83][84] The ancient Greek texts of the time of Alexander the Great call Shiva as "Indian Dionysus", or alternatively call Dionysus as "god of the Orient". Similarly, the use of phallic symbol as an icon for Shiva is also found for Irish, Nordic, Greek (Dionysus^[85]) and Roman deities, as was the idea of this aniconic column linking heaven and earth among early Indo-Aryans, states Roger Woodward.^[78] Others contest such proposals, and suggest Shiva to have emerged from indigenous pre-Aryan tribal origins.  
Shiva is not only the creator in Shaivism, he is the creation that results from him, he is everything and everywhere. Shiva is the primal soul, the pure consciousness and Absolute Reality in the Shaiva traditions.
The Trimurti is a concept in Hinduism in which the cosmic functions of creation, maintenance, and destruction are personified by the forms of Brahma the creator, Vishnu the maintainer or preserver and Shiva the destroyer or transformer.^[192][193] These three deities have been called "the Hindu triad"^[194] or the "Great Trinity" 
BACK TO Varanasi: Varanasi (Benares) is considered to be the city specially loved by Shiva, and is one of the holiest places of pilgrimage in India. It is referred to, in religious contexts, as Kashi.^[244]