EL*KUNIRSA, KINYRAS, KINNARA, KINNAUR, KINNOR,
The origins of human cultures and societies first, the social structure Kinyras established in Pafos Cyprus second.
The emergence of distinctively human social organization is an important topic within many disciplines, evolutionary biology, anthropology, prehistory and paleolithic archaeology. While little is known for certain, debates since Hobbes and Rousseau have returned as a topic again and again for the philosophical, moral and evolutionary questions they posed.
Like Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that society was, and I add still is born of a social contract.
In Rousseau's case, sovereignty is vested in the entire populace - (symbolized by the crowned Pomegranate) - who enter into the contract directly with one another. "The problem", Rousseau explained, "is to find a form of association which will defend and protect with the whole common force the person and goods of each associate, and in which each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain as free as before."
At this stage I wish to make a fundamental point regarding my position, my thinking and applied logic by introduce my belief that humans are uniquely unusual, in that the male of the species gets involved, investing quality parental care in his own offspring. This is a rare pattern for a primates and is probably related to longer period a human needs before it can stand on its own, if ever. Where such cooperation occurs, it's not enough to take it for granted but must start by asking why. We need to explain it not using an overarching theoretical framework but only applicable to humans.
KI*NU*RA*SS ON THE Fundamental QUESTION OF LOVE v LUST.
Ki is the spark/light/fire within earthly life. N, the heavenly complimentary opposite. Ra, the past, present and future, life in time, SS, natural magnetism and repultion point in time/space. As Heaven and earth united as one for creation on day one so must Humans stay true to the principal of love over lust to be natural , man woman as one for they are one and let nothing come between them. THE INNER LIGHT REVEALS THE MONAD AS LOVE, as the FIRST PRINCIPAL REVEALED, Heaven and Earth are FUSED, so KiN is the inseparable pair, the KINNARS stayed true to as more vital than life itself the principal of love eternal as above so below.
Anaximenes defined paradeigma as "actions that have occurred previously and are similar to, or the opposite of, those which we are now discussing."[5]
Starting in South-east Asia, two of the most beloved mythological characters are the benevolent half-human, half-bird creatures known as the Kinnara and Kinnari, which are believed to come from the Himalayan cultures and often said to watch over the well-being of humans in times of trouble or danger.
The emergence of distinctively human social organization is an important topic within many disciplines, evolutionary biology, anthropology, prehistory and paleolithic archaeology. While little is known for certain, debates since Hobbes and Rousseau have returned as a topic again and again for the philosophical, moral and evolutionary questions they posed.
Like Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that society was, and I add still is born of a social contract.
In Rousseau's case, sovereignty is vested in the entire populace - (symbolized by the crowned Pomegranate) - who enter into the contract directly with one another. "The problem", Rousseau explained, "is to find a form of association which will defend and protect with the whole common force the person and goods of each associate, and in which each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain as free as before."
At this stage I wish to make a fundamental point regarding my position, my thinking and applied logic by introduce my belief that humans are uniquely unusual, in that the male of the species gets involved, investing quality parental care in his own offspring. This is a rare pattern for a primates and is probably related to longer period a human needs before it can stand on its own, if ever. Where such cooperation occurs, it's not enough to take it for granted but must start by asking why. We need to explain it not using an overarching theoretical framework but only applicable to humans.
KI*NU*RA*SS ON THE Fundamental QUESTION OF LOVE v LUST.
Ki is the spark/light/fire within earthly life. N, the heavenly complimentary opposite. Ra, the past, present and future, life in time, SS, natural magnetism and repultion point in time/space. As Heaven and earth united as one for creation on day one so must Humans stay true to the principal of love over lust to be natural , man woman as one for they are one and let nothing come between them. THE INNER LIGHT REVEALS THE MONAD AS LOVE, as the FIRST PRINCIPAL REVEALED, Heaven and Earth are FUSED, so KiN is the inseparable pair, the KINNARS stayed true to as more vital than life itself the principal of love eternal as above so below.
The Hittite fragments of myth with the name EL*KUNIRSA, gives me goose flesh for the mystical name of Kinyras has not yet been satisfactoally resolved.
IN HINDI THE WORD ETERNAL IS SANAATAN. El also is a reference to the Eternal.
Sanadana was the father of Kinyras.
In Hindu mythology, a kinnara is a paradigmatic lover, a celestial musician, half-human and half-horse in India and in alterate locations, half bird or EGG born.
The word paradigm is also still used to indicate a pattern or model or an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype. In science and philosophy, a paradigm /ˈpærədaɪm/ is a distinct set of concepts or one single concept or fundamental,thought patterns, a heart/mind felt truth, which becomes a theory. Anaximenes defined paradeigma as "actions that have occurred previously and are similar to, or the opposite of, those which we are now discussing."[5]
Starting in South-east Asia, two of the most beloved mythological characters are the benevolent half-human, half-bird creatures known as the Kinnara and Kinnari, which are believed to come from the Himalayan cultures and often said to watch over the well-being of humans in times of trouble or danger.
Their character is clarified in the Adi parva of the Mahabharata, where they say:
- "We are everlasting lover and beloved. We never separate. We are eternally husband and wife; never do we become mother and father. No offspring is seen in our lap. We are lover and beloved ever-embracing. In between us we do not permit any third creature demanding affection. Our life is a life of perpetual pleasure."
Kinnaris, the female counterpart of Kinnaras, are depicted as half-bird, half-woman creatures. One of the many creatures that inhabit the mythical Himavanta.
Kinnaris have the head, torso, and arms of a woman and the wings, tail and feet of a Goose/swan. She is renowned for her dance, song and poetry, and is a traditional symbol of feminine beauty, grace and accomplishment.
Kinnaras are like fairies and are shown as going in pairs noted for mutual love and devotion.
In the Chanda Kinnara Jataka the devotion of the Kinnarai to her wounded Kinnara husband brings Indra on the scene to cure him from the wound.
In Jataka No.504, we have the autobiography of a Kinnara who describes the Kinnara class as human-like the wild things deem us; huntsmen call us goblins still. The Kinnaras can sing, play the flute and dance with soft movements of the body. Kalidasa in his Kumara Sambhava describes them as dwelling in the Himalayas. Kinnaras lived also over the hills of Pandaraka, Trikutaka, Mallangiri, Candapabbata, and Gandhamandana (Jataka No. 485). They were tender-hearted and Jataka No. 540 refers to the story of the Kinnaras nursing a human baby whose parents have gone away to the woods. Yet, we find that they were looked upon as queer animals and were hunted, captured and presented to the kings as entertainment. Flowers formed their dress. Their food was flower pollen and their cosmetics were made of flower perfumes.
In Tibet the Kinnara is known as the Miamchi (Tibetan: , Wylie: mi'am ci) or 'shang-shang' (Tibetan: , Wylie: shang shang) (Sanskrit: civacivaka). This chimera is depicted either with just the head or including the whole torso of a human including the arms with the lower body as that of a winged bird. In Nyingma Mantrayana traditions of Mahayoga Buddhadharma, the Kinnira/shang-shang symbolizes 'enlightened activity' (Wylie: phrin las).
The shang-shang is a celestial musician, and is often iconographically depicted with cym-bals. The shang-shang is sometimes depicted as the king of the Garuda.
In Tibet the Kinnara is known as the Miamchi (Tibetan: , Wylie: mi'am ci) or 'shang-shang' (Tibetan: , Wylie: shang shang) (Sanskrit: civacivaka). This chimera is depicted either with just the head or including the whole torso of a human including the arms with the lower body as that of a winged bird. In Nyingma Mantrayana traditions of Mahayoga Buddhadharma, the Kinnira/shang-shang symbolizes 'enlightened activity' (Wylie: phrin las).
The shang-shang is a celestial musician, and is often iconographically depicted with cym-bals. The shang-shang is sometimes depicted as the king of the Garuda.
The Kinnaras are noted for their long life. Eternal love was the whole point, their relationship, the first principle, the reality regarding the natural human condition, the first consideration, when contemplating a natural social order, true love verses true lust.
KINNYRA TRIBE Kinship with other exotic tribes
Kinnaras are mentioned as half-men and half-horses, Kinnytorus/Centures to be sure. Then again the Harpy, is a half-human half-bird mythological creature from the Greek mythology that resembles the Kinnara and should be looked into. Not forgeting the singing voices of the Sirens, all mythological creatures from Greek mythology that resemble the Kinnara/re/ss.
They are described as kinsmen of other exotic tribes.
Kinnaras were mentioned along with other exotic tribes like the Nagas, Uragas, Pannagas, Suparnas, Vidyadharas, Siddhas, Charanas, Valikhilyas, Pisachas, Gandharvas, Apsaras, Kimpurushas, Yakshas, Rakhsasas, and Vanaras at various places. (1-18,66), (2-10), (3-82,84,104,108,139,200,223,273) (4-70), (5-12), (7-108,160), (8-11), (9-46), (12- 168,227,231,302,327,334,(13-58,83,87,140), (14-43,44,88,92). In the Ramnayana, the kinnars are mentioned along with the Devas, gandharvas, sidhas and Apsaras. The kinnars were an effeminate race, always represented as indulging in the amorous sports. In Manusmriti, Manu mentions that the sons of Atri are said to be the fathers of Daityas, Danavas, Yakshas, Gandharvas, Uragas, Rakshasas and Kinnars.
TODAY, Kinnur is a place situated high in the Himalayas. Alpine species such as juniper, pine, fir, cypress, and rhododendron can be found at elevations between 3,500 and 5,000 metres, primarily in Middle Kinnaur. At lower altitudes, temperate-climate trees are found, including oak, chestnut, maple, birch, alder, magnolia, apple, and apricot. Could this location be the origin of the culture/society established way back in the mists of time yet so powerful in its conception that it still survives today as a prototype for a global community?
Yaks and dzos are reared by local farmers in the higher areas. Scattered populations of the Himalayan black bear and small Asiatic ponies may also be found also all repeated in the higher plateaus of the Caucasus.
Frequently, Indian Art, they are seen in the sculptures flanking the stupas. They hold garlands or trays containing flowers in their hands for the worship of the Stupas. Sometimes, the Kinnaras appear in the sculptures holding garland in right hand and tray in the left hand. They also appear before Bodhi-Drumas, Dharmacakras, or playing a musical instrument. As such, the portrayal of Kinnaras in early Indian sculpture art is very common. This Stupa reminds me of the Gypsum Cone on Aphrodite's Altar in Kinyriad Cyprus.
The kinnor which takes its name from the Kinnura, is the ancient name of the original Angle Harp, a string instrument mentioned in the Bible, appearing in Genesis.
Kinnor (Hebrew: כִּנּוֹר) is today in reference to an ancient Israelite musical instrument, the exact identification of which is unclear, but in the modern day is translated as "harp" or "lyre". It has been referred to as the "national instrument" of the Jewish people. So there is a connection.
Kinnor is generally agreed to be a stringed instrument, and thus the stringed instrument most commonly mentioned in the Old Testament. The same string instrument as in Cyprus at the time of Kinyras.
Kinyras has a connection to King of 'Hyria' (Ionic: Ὑρίη Huriē, Koine: Ὑρία Huria;) Hyria is a toponym mentioned in Homer's catalogue of the ships, where the leading position in the list is given to the contingents from Boeotia, where Hyria and stony Aulis, where the fleet assembled, lead the list.
Below is a rough chronology that runs parallel to the time of the Kinyriads in Cyprus.
1628 Car the son of Phoroneus founds the city of Megara. Kinyriad connection.
1628 Apis rules over the Peloponnese and Egypt. Linear A inscription with the name Saiapis found in Crete. Epaphus II/Apopis II also known as Apis or Sarapis rules in Egypt.
1622 The Telchines, having been conquered, found Rhodes, which previously was called Ophiusa.
1605 Apis is slain by Thelxion and Telchis
1605 Argus the grandson of Phoroneus founds the city of Argos and slays the murderers of Apis. Achaean invaders reach region of Mycenae c.1600 BC1573 Criasus the son of Argus becomes king of Argos
1541 Phorbas the son of Argus conquers Rhodes
1517 Pelasgus rules over Arcadia.
1510 Polycaon son of Lelax rules in Messenia and Myles rules in Sparta.
1488 Danaus flees from Aegyptus to Rhodes then takes Pelasgian Argos. c.1480 BC Tutmoses III campaigns in Asia-Minor. His inscriptions mention receiving tribute from the Danai1487 Lycaon king of Arkadia introduces the worship of Zeus
1484 Cecrops king of Athens introduces the worship of Zeus
1472 Danaus becomes king of Argos in the Peloponnese after Gelanor steps down. (Jerome 1474)
1460 Lycaon provokes the Zeus’ anger by murdering his son Nyctimus and serving him up to the Gods.
Kinyras has a connection to King of 'Hyria' (Ionic: Ὑρίη Huriē, Koine: Ὑρία Huria;) Hyria is a toponym mentioned in Homer's catalogue of the ships, where the leading position in the list is given to the contingents from Boeotia, where Hyria and stony Aulis, where the fleet assembled, lead the list.
Below is a rough chronology that runs parallel to the time of the Kinyriads in Cyprus.
1628 Car the son of Phoroneus founds the city of Megara. Kinyriad connection.
1628 Apis rules over the Peloponnese and Egypt. Linear A inscription with the name Saiapis found in Crete. Epaphus II/Apopis II also known as Apis or Sarapis rules in Egypt.
1622 The Telchines, having been conquered, found Rhodes, which previously was called Ophiusa.
1605 Apis is slain by Thelxion and Telchis
1605 Argus the grandson of Phoroneus founds the city of Argos and slays the murderers of Apis. Achaean invaders reach region of Mycenae c.1600 BC1573 Criasus the son of Argus becomes king of Argos
1541 Phorbas the son of Argus conquers Rhodes
1517 Pelasgus rules over Arcadia.
1510 Polycaon son of Lelax rules in Messenia and Myles rules in Sparta.
1488 Danaus flees from Aegyptus to Rhodes then takes Pelasgian Argos. c.1480 BC Tutmoses III campaigns in Asia-Minor. His inscriptions mention receiving tribute from the Danai1487 Lycaon king of Arkadia introduces the worship of Zeus
1484 Cecrops king of Athens introduces the worship of Zeus
1472 Danaus becomes king of Argos in the Peloponnese after Gelanor steps down. (Jerome 1474)
1460 Lycaon provokes the Zeus’ anger by murdering his son Nyctimus and serving him up to the Gods.
1456 A Flood is sent by Zeus to destroy all of mankind after Lycaon outrages the Gods. Deucalion and his family escape in an Ark, which Prometheus tells him to build.
1446 Dardanus founds Dardania after being given a share in the kingdom of Teucer king of Phrygia. Tudhaliya II is king of the Hittites from 1460-14401438 Zeus violates Europe, birth of Minos. (Jerome 1445 or 1432) Mycenaean’s conquer Minoans in Crete c.1450 BC. Earthquake destroys city of Knossos c.1450 BC. Palace is rebuilt and used until c.1380 BC1437 Cadmus colonises Boeotia and founds Thebes. (Jerome 1430)
1420 Dionysus the son of Zeus and Semele daughter of Cadmus is born. At Pylos Di-wo-ni-so-jo is found inscribed in Linear-B c.1250 BC1420 Persephone the daughter of Demeter is abducted by Hades
1415 Erichthonius rules at Troy (Jerome 1415)
1406 Olympic Games held 50 years after the flood
1406 Minos I becomes king of Crete
1402 Dionysus is entertained by Amphyction king of Athens
1400 Cinyras the son of Paphos the son of Pygmalion the son of Belus funds the city of Paphos in Cyprus. Cyprus is conquered by the Mycenaean’s and Minoan colony wiped out c.1400
1397 Erichthonius referred to as Erechtheus by Homer rules at Athens
1390 Aeolus seduces Cheirons daughter Thea.
1386 Dionysus restores Ammon as king of Egypt then conquers Damascus and all of India. Amenhotep III reigns from 1386-1349, Aryan invaders destroy Indus Valley civilisation c.1400, Tudhaliya III (Turgal) rules the Hittites 1400-1380 BC.1386 Dionysus drives Pentheus the king of Thebes to madness
1385 Cadmus leaves Thebes and goes to the Illyria
1377 Tectemus the son of Dorus founds colony in Crete and fathers Asterius. Second Mycenaean wave of colonisation in Crete puts an end to Minoan palace civilisation c.1400 BC1372 Pandion becomes king of Athens
1370 Athamas rules over Boeotia
1365 Tros reigns over Troy
1363 Apollo fathers Asclepius by Coronis, daughter of Phlegyas
1362 Tantalus reigns over Phrygia
1360 Tantalus abducts Ganymedes the son of Tros
1360 Epopeus king of Sicyon at war with Thebes
1357 Pandions daughter Philomela marries Tereus king of Thrace to form alliance against Theban king Labdacus
1356 Perseus son of Danae by Zeus is born
1352 Erectheus becomes king of Athens
1341 Eumolpus attacks Athens and is defeated by Ion and Erechtheus
1336 Aetolus conquers Aetolia after murdering Dorus the son of Apollo and Phthia, and his brothers
1335 The Aloads, Otos and Ephialtes sons of Iphimedeia pile the mountains on top of each other in order to reach the Gods and introduce the worship of the 3 Muses.
1332 or 1347 A Golden Lamb takes Phrixus while a boy, to Colchis. The Isthmian games are established.
1327 Erechtheus is struck down by Poseidon
1327 Cecrops the eldest son of Erectheus is chosen by Xuthus to become king of Athens
1327 Amphion kills Lycus and becomes king of Thebes
1322-1263 Pelops the son of Tantalus king of Phrygia and Lydia flees Asia Minor and rules in Pisa and Olympia.
1322 Pelops marries Hippodamia and holds Olympic Games
1322 Pelops sister Niobe marries Amphion king of Thebes
1322 Pegasus the winged horse born from Medusas blood after she is slain by Perseus.
1322 Perseus accidentally kills his grandfather Acrisius at the funeral games of the father of King Teutamides
1322-1314 The children of Perseus and Andromeda are born. Fortress of Mycenae built between 1400 and 1200.
1322 Bellerophon goes to king Proetus court to be purified
1312 Midas reigns in Phrygia (Jerome)
1310 The Argonauts Calais and Zates are born to Orithyia and Bores
1309 Minos II the grandson of Minos becomes king of Crete after Asterius dies. Most Linear B inscriptions found date from 1250-1175 BC and no earlier than c.1350-1300 BC
1308 Procris leaves her husband and is seduced by Minos in Crete
1307 Pandion becomes king of Athens and is expelled by the sons of Metion (Jerome)
1306 Laius caries off Chrysippus the son of Pelops and Astyoche
1301 Oebalus becomes the second husband of Gorgophone the daughter of Perseus
1293 Herakles kills Busaris the king of Egypt and his son after escaping from being held prisoner to be sacrificed in order to put an end to a long famine. Horemeheb known also as Moeris or Bocchoris reigns in Egypt from 1321-1293 during a period of famine
1292 Melampus the seer cures the madness of the Argive women and receives one third of Proetus kingdom and his brother Bias another third. First temple built to Dionysus.
1446 Dardanus founds Dardania after being given a share in the kingdom of Teucer king of Phrygia. Tudhaliya II is king of the Hittites from 1460-14401438 Zeus violates Europe, birth of Minos. (Jerome 1445 or 1432) Mycenaean’s conquer Minoans in Crete c.1450 BC. Earthquake destroys city of Knossos c.1450 BC. Palace is rebuilt and used until c.1380 BC1437 Cadmus colonises Boeotia and founds Thebes. (Jerome 1430)
1420 Dionysus the son of Zeus and Semele daughter of Cadmus is born. At Pylos Di-wo-ni-so-jo is found inscribed in Linear-B c.1250 BC1420 Persephone the daughter of Demeter is abducted by Hades
1415 Erichthonius rules at Troy (Jerome 1415)
1406 Olympic Games held 50 years after the flood
1406 Minos I becomes king of Crete
1402 Dionysus is entertained by Amphyction king of Athens
1400 Cinyras the son of Paphos the son of Pygmalion the son of Belus funds the city of Paphos in Cyprus. Cyprus is conquered by the Mycenaean’s and Minoan colony wiped out c.1400
1397 Erichthonius referred to as Erechtheus by Homer rules at Athens
1390 Aeolus seduces Cheirons daughter Thea.
1386 Dionysus restores Ammon as king of Egypt then conquers Damascus and all of India. Amenhotep III reigns from 1386-1349, Aryan invaders destroy Indus Valley civilisation c.1400, Tudhaliya III (Turgal) rules the Hittites 1400-1380 BC.1386 Dionysus drives Pentheus the king of Thebes to madness
1385 Cadmus leaves Thebes and goes to the Illyria
1377 Tectemus the son of Dorus founds colony in Crete and fathers Asterius. Second Mycenaean wave of colonisation in Crete puts an end to Minoan palace civilisation c.1400 BC1372 Pandion becomes king of Athens
1370 Athamas rules over Boeotia
1365 Tros reigns over Troy
1363 Apollo fathers Asclepius by Coronis, daughter of Phlegyas
1362 Tantalus reigns over Phrygia
1360 Tantalus abducts Ganymedes the son of Tros
1360 Epopeus king of Sicyon at war with Thebes
1357 Pandions daughter Philomela marries Tereus king of Thrace to form alliance against Theban king Labdacus
1356 Perseus son of Danae by Zeus is born
1352 Erectheus becomes king of Athens
1341 Eumolpus attacks Athens and is defeated by Ion and Erechtheus
1336 Aetolus conquers Aetolia after murdering Dorus the son of Apollo and Phthia, and his brothers
1335 The Aloads, Otos and Ephialtes sons of Iphimedeia pile the mountains on top of each other in order to reach the Gods and introduce the worship of the 3 Muses.
1332 or 1347 A Golden Lamb takes Phrixus while a boy, to Colchis. The Isthmian games are established.
1327 Erechtheus is struck down by Poseidon
1327 Cecrops the eldest son of Erectheus is chosen by Xuthus to become king of Athens
1327 Amphion kills Lycus and becomes king of Thebes
1322-1263 Pelops the son of Tantalus king of Phrygia and Lydia flees Asia Minor and rules in Pisa and Olympia.
1322 Pelops marries Hippodamia and holds Olympic Games
1322 Pelops sister Niobe marries Amphion king of Thebes
1322 Pegasus the winged horse born from Medusas blood after she is slain by Perseus.
1322 Perseus accidentally kills his grandfather Acrisius at the funeral games of the father of King Teutamides
1322-1314 The children of Perseus and Andromeda are born. Fortress of Mycenae built between 1400 and 1200.
1322 Bellerophon goes to king Proetus court to be purified
1312 Midas reigns in Phrygia (Jerome)
1310 The Argonauts Calais and Zates are born to Orithyia and Bores
1309 Minos II the grandson of Minos becomes king of Crete after Asterius dies. Most Linear B inscriptions found date from 1250-1175 BC and no earlier than c.1350-1300 BC
1308 Procris leaves her husband and is seduced by Minos in Crete
1307 Pandion becomes king of Athens and is expelled by the sons of Metion (Jerome)
1306 Laius caries off Chrysippus the son of Pelops and Astyoche
1301 Oebalus becomes the second husband of Gorgophone the daughter of Perseus
1293 Herakles kills Busaris the king of Egypt and his son after escaping from being held prisoner to be sacrificed in order to put an end to a long famine. Horemeheb known also as Moeris or Bocchoris reigns in Egypt from 1321-1293 during a period of famine
1292 Melampus the seer cures the madness of the Argive women and receives one third of Proetus kingdom and his brother Bias another third. First temple built to Dionysus.
1292 or 1208 Perseus kills Dionysus. Electryon becomes king of Mycenae
February 10 1286 Herakles is conceived when Zeus extends one night into three. Total solar eclipse over Aegean
November 4 1286 Herakles is born and named Palamon
1286-1264 Sthenelus takes the throne of Mycenae after Amphytrion accidentally kills Electryon son of Perseus
1285 Herakles strangles two serpents sent by Hera
1285 Asclepius is born to Arsinoe, the daughter of Leucippus
1282 Aeacus helps Poseidon build the walls of Troy for Laodamaon now king of Troy
1282 Aegeus regains Athens from the sons of Metion
1281 Bias killed by his nephew Pylas
1274 Pelias imprisons Aeson and takes the throne after the birth of Jason
1271 Atreus and Thyestes march against Laius the king of Thebes
1271 Oedepus kills Laius the king of Thebes and marries his own mother Iocasta
1270 Aegeus accidentally kills Minos son Androgeus at Games held in honour of Laius king of Thebes and is forced to pay a tribute of 7 Athenian boys and girls every 9 years
1270 All of Greece plagued by earthquakes and famine due to Pelops murder of Stymphalus or the Athenians murder of Androgeus and Aeacus is sent to pray for deliverance.
1270 Theseus is born
1268 Herakles lies with Thespius 50 daughters and kills the Lion of Cithaeron
1264 Herakles marries Megara after defeating the Minyans while Creon is king of Thebes in place of Laius
1258-1246 The Labours of Herakles take place while Eurestheus is king of Mycenae. Walls of Mycenae extended and Lion Gate built c.1250 BC. Indications of serious destruction of houses outside walls c.1250 BC1258 Herakles brings Eurestheus the skin of the Nemean lion
1258 Herakles kills the Lernaean Hydra
1257 Herakles brings the Cerynitian hind alive to Mycenae
1256 Cheiron is accidentally shot in the foot while entertaining Herakles, forcing him to give up his immortality
1256 Herakles brings the Erymantian boar alive to Eurestheus
1255 Herakles cleans out the stables of Augeas in a day
1255 Herakles chases away the Stymphalian birds
1254 Herakles brings Eurestheus the Cretan bull
1253 Herakles brings the mares of Diomedes to Mycenae
1253 Herakles brings back Alcestis the wife of Admetus from death
1252 Theseus kills the Minotaur at the centre of the Labyrinth built by Daedelus. Place called Daidaleion mentioned in Linear-B inscriptions found at Knossos dating to c.1250 BC
1252 Herakles brings Eurestheus the belt of the Amazon Hippolyte
1251 Herakles fetches the cattle of Geryon from Erythea
1251 Minos dies in Sicily
1250 Herakles is sent to fetch the golden apples from the Hesperides
1249 The worship of the 9 Muses is established in the time of Thamyris son of Philemon
February 10 1286 Herakles is conceived when Zeus extends one night into three. Total solar eclipse over Aegean
November 4 1286 Herakles is born and named Palamon
1286-1264 Sthenelus takes the throne of Mycenae after Amphytrion accidentally kills Electryon son of Perseus
1285 Herakles strangles two serpents sent by Hera
1285 Asclepius is born to Arsinoe, the daughter of Leucippus
1282 Aeacus helps Poseidon build the walls of Troy for Laodamaon now king of Troy
1282 Aegeus regains Athens from the sons of Metion
1281 Bias killed by his nephew Pylas
1274 Pelias imprisons Aeson and takes the throne after the birth of Jason
1271 Atreus and Thyestes march against Laius the king of Thebes
1271 Oedepus kills Laius the king of Thebes and marries his own mother Iocasta
1270 Aegeus accidentally kills Minos son Androgeus at Games held in honour of Laius king of Thebes and is forced to pay a tribute of 7 Athenian boys and girls every 9 years
1270 All of Greece plagued by earthquakes and famine due to Pelops murder of Stymphalus or the Athenians murder of Androgeus and Aeacus is sent to pray for deliverance.
1270 Theseus is born
1268 Herakles lies with Thespius 50 daughters and kills the Lion of Cithaeron
1264 Herakles marries Megara after defeating the Minyans while Creon is king of Thebes in place of Laius
1258-1246 The Labours of Herakles take place while Eurestheus is king of Mycenae. Walls of Mycenae extended and Lion Gate built c.1250 BC. Indications of serious destruction of houses outside walls c.1250 BC1258 Herakles brings Eurestheus the skin of the Nemean lion
1258 Herakles kills the Lernaean Hydra
1257 Herakles brings the Cerynitian hind alive to Mycenae
1256 Cheiron is accidentally shot in the foot while entertaining Herakles, forcing him to give up his immortality
1256 Herakles brings the Erymantian boar alive to Eurestheus
1255 Herakles cleans out the stables of Augeas in a day
1255 Herakles chases away the Stymphalian birds
1254 Herakles brings Eurestheus the Cretan bull
1253 Herakles brings the mares of Diomedes to Mycenae
1253 Herakles brings back Alcestis the wife of Admetus from death
1252 Theseus kills the Minotaur at the centre of the Labyrinth built by Daedelus. Place called Daidaleion mentioned in Linear-B inscriptions found at Knossos dating to c.1250 BC
1252 Herakles brings Eurestheus the belt of the Amazon Hippolyte
1251 Herakles fetches the cattle of Geryon from Erythea
1251 Minos dies in Sicily
1250 Herakles is sent to fetch the golden apples from the Hesperides
1249 The worship of the 9 Muses is established in the time of Thamyris son of Philemon
1248 Herakles fetches the golden apples from the Hesperides
1248 Herakles goes to Hades to bring back Cerberus
1247 or 1216 The marriage of Peleus to his second wife Thetis
1246 or 1216 The birth of Achilles
1246 Herakles captures Cerberus, takes him to Mycenae, then returns him to Hades
1246 The 4 month long voyage of Jason and the Argonauts. Mycenaean artefacts found in southern Italy and Sicily c.1400-1200 BC
1246 The Caledonian Boar hunt
1246-1243 Herakles is sold as a slave to Omphale after killing Iphitus
1246 Eumolpus is victorious in the flute contest at Pelias funeral games
1245 Orpheus tries to rescue Euridice from Hades
1243 Herakles sacks Troy and puts young Priam on the throne. Troy VII destroyed c.1250 BC
1243-1239 Herakles settles old scores in the Peloponnese
1242 Herakles conquers Elis and establishes Olympic Games. Polyduces is champion Boxer.
1241 Herakles places Nestor who is still a boy on the throne of Messenia after killing his brothers and father king Neleus of Pylos for helping the Elians. Pylos falls c.1250 BC1240 Herakles defeats the sons of Hippocoon and restores the throne of Sparta to Tyndareus
1239 Herakles leaves the Peloponnese and marries Deianara the daughter of Oeneus. Hyllus is born
1236 Media flees from Corinth after murdering Glauce the daughter of Creon
1236 Herakles is exiled to Trachis after killing one of Oeneus kinsmen
1235 Herakles kills Cycnus the son of Ares
1235 Nessus carries off Deianira and is killed by Herakles with a poison arrow
1235 A prophecy is revealed from the Oracle of Dodona that Herakles will die 15 months after carrying off Iole
October 12 1234 Herakles dies and becomes a God
1232 The births Clytemnestra & Helen to Tyndareus and Leda (Last of Zeus's affairs with mortals)
1230 The birth of Paris. Laius becomes father of Odysseus.
1248 Herakles goes to Hades to bring back Cerberus
1247 or 1216 The marriage of Peleus to his second wife Thetis
1246 or 1216 The birth of Achilles
1246 Herakles captures Cerberus, takes him to Mycenae, then returns him to Hades
1246 The 4 month long voyage of Jason and the Argonauts. Mycenaean artefacts found in southern Italy and Sicily c.1400-1200 BC
1246 The Caledonian Boar hunt
1246-1243 Herakles is sold as a slave to Omphale after killing Iphitus
1246 Eumolpus is victorious in the flute contest at Pelias funeral games
1245 Orpheus tries to rescue Euridice from Hades
1243 Herakles sacks Troy and puts young Priam on the throne. Troy VII destroyed c.1250 BC
1243-1239 Herakles settles old scores in the Peloponnese
1242 Herakles conquers Elis and establishes Olympic Games. Polyduces is champion Boxer.
1241 Herakles places Nestor who is still a boy on the throne of Messenia after killing his brothers and father king Neleus of Pylos for helping the Elians. Pylos falls c.1250 BC1240 Herakles defeats the sons of Hippocoon and restores the throne of Sparta to Tyndareus
1239 Herakles leaves the Peloponnese and marries Deianara the daughter of Oeneus. Hyllus is born
1236 Media flees from Corinth after murdering Glauce the daughter of Creon
1236 Herakles is exiled to Trachis after killing one of Oeneus kinsmen
1235 Herakles kills Cycnus the son of Ares
1235 Nessus carries off Deianira and is killed by Herakles with a poison arrow
1235 A prophecy is revealed from the Oracle of Dodona that Herakles will die 15 months after carrying off Iole
October 12 1234 Herakles dies and becomes a God
1232 The births Clytemnestra & Helen to Tyndareus and Leda (Last of Zeus's affairs with mortals)
1230 The birth of Paris. Laius becomes father of Odysseus.
1225 The 7 against Thebes
1224 Theseus captures Thebes and buries the bodies of the seven which were left unburied by Creon.
1223 Eurestheus defeated by Theseus and beheaded by Hyllus the son of Herakles
March 5 1223 Atreus takes the throne of Mycenae. Total solar eclipse over Crete.1220 Theseus abducts Helen when she is 12 years old and he is 50 and spends 4 years in Tartarus after being forced to flee Athens by Helens brothers
1220 Castor, Polyduces and Idas and Lynceus begin feuding
1216 After several bad harvests Atreus is slain by 7 year old Aeigisthus and Thyestes takes the throne of Mycenae. Indications of serious destruction of houses outside walls of Mycenae c.1200 BC
1215 Agamemnon is restored as king Mycenae by Tyndareus.
1215 The Epigoni attack Thebes. Theban palace destroyed c.1200 BC then reoccupied1213 Herakles mother Alcmene dies at the age of about 90
1213 The beauty contest. Meneleus marries Helen.
1205 The Heraklids attack the Peloponnese.
1204 After returning to Athens after being freed from Tartatrus by Herakles (probably Hyllus) Theseus is forced to leave.
1204 Theseus is killed.
1201 Hyllus the son of Herakles is slain at the Isthmus of Corinth while fighting in single combat against Echemus Cyclopean defensive Wall built at Isthmus of Corinth c.1220-1200 BC.1201 Helen is abducted by Paris. Indications of Invasion of Mycenae by people from Central Asia c.1200-1190 BC. Serious destruction at Mycenae c.1200 BC.
1199 First Gathering at Aeolis
1191 Second Gathering at Aeolis. The attempted sacrifice of Iphigenia. Inscriptions bearing the name Iphimedeia found at Knossos
1191 The siege of Troy begins. (Jerome) Troy VIIA destroyed c.1200 BCJan 12 1183 Total solar eclipse over Aegean/AnatoliaMay 1182 The capture of Troy (Diodorus, Parian Marble, Eusebius/Hellancicus; 12 Thargelion/11 May 1182)
1181-1171 The Odyssey. A massive tidal wave swamps the Aegean and reaches Cyprus in c.1200 BC
1181 Agapenor becomes king of Paphos in Cyprus
1181 The return and murder of Agamemnon (Jerome/Eusebius, Graves; 13 Gamelion/2 February 1181)
April 16 1178 The suitors vie for Penelope Total solar eclipse over Aegean
1177 Odysseus held captive by Calypso
1176 Teucer founds Salamis in Cyprus (Parian Marble)
1174 The vengeance of Orestes against Cytemnestra and Aegistheus
1174-1172 Orestes is pursued by the Erinnyes
1174 Meneleus flees Egypt (Apollodorus E6.29) Ramses III expels Sea-Peoples from Egypt in 1175 BC
1172 Orestes kills Aletes son of Aegistheus grandson of Thyestes after he usurps the throne when Orestes ends his search for Iphigenia
1171 Odysseus returns to Ithaca. Hermes fathers Pan by Penelope
1158 Odysseus is accidentally killed by his son Telegonus
1156 Orestes is told by the Delphi Oracle to move from Mycenae to Arcadia and is killed by a snakebite while building a new settlement.
1156 Tisamenus the son of Orestes rules over the Peloponnese
1151 The Herakilds resume their attacks on Mycenae fifty years on. Indications of serious destruction of houses outside walls of Mycenae c.1150 BC
1151 Autesion expelled from Thebes and defects to the Heraklids.
1151 The Pelasgians and Thracians capture Thebes
1148 Demophon dies in Cyprus when he is thrown off his horse
1130 The Cadmians return to Thebes and expel the Pelasgians who then flee to Athens.
1127 Xanthus the last king of Thebes is killed in a duel with Andropompus or Melanthus who becomes king of Athens.
May 18 1124 Tisamenus the son of Orestes rules over Mycenae at the time of the first Aeolian migration. Penthilus the son of Orestes seizes Lesbos. Total solar eclipse over Aegean
1111 The first Dorian fleet is sunk at Naupactus
1101 The Heraklids defeat Tisamenus the son of Orestes and conquer the Peloponnese. Indications of Invasion of Mycenae by people from Central Asia c. 1100 BC. Attack on Asia Minor by Tiglath-Pileser I king of Assyria in 1110 BC who names the God Herakles in his inscription
1223 Eurestheus defeated by Theseus and beheaded by Hyllus the son of Herakles
March 5 1223 Atreus takes the throne of Mycenae. Total solar eclipse over Crete.1220 Theseus abducts Helen when she is 12 years old and he is 50 and spends 4 years in Tartarus after being forced to flee Athens by Helens brothers
1220 Castor, Polyduces and Idas and Lynceus begin feuding
1216 After several bad harvests Atreus is slain by 7 year old Aeigisthus and Thyestes takes the throne of Mycenae. Indications of serious destruction of houses outside walls of Mycenae c.1200 BC
1215 Agamemnon is restored as king Mycenae by Tyndareus.
1215 The Epigoni attack Thebes. Theban palace destroyed c.1200 BC then reoccupied1213 Herakles mother Alcmene dies at the age of about 90
1213 The beauty contest. Meneleus marries Helen.
1205 The Heraklids attack the Peloponnese.
1204 After returning to Athens after being freed from Tartatrus by Herakles (probably Hyllus) Theseus is forced to leave.
1204 Theseus is killed.
1201 Hyllus the son of Herakles is slain at the Isthmus of Corinth while fighting in single combat against Echemus Cyclopean defensive Wall built at Isthmus of Corinth c.1220-1200 BC.1201 Helen is abducted by Paris. Indications of Invasion of Mycenae by people from Central Asia c.1200-1190 BC. Serious destruction at Mycenae c.1200 BC.
1199 First Gathering at Aeolis
1191 Second Gathering at Aeolis. The attempted sacrifice of Iphigenia. Inscriptions bearing the name Iphimedeia found at Knossos
1191 The siege of Troy begins. (Jerome) Troy VIIA destroyed c.1200 BCJan 12 1183 Total solar eclipse over Aegean/AnatoliaMay 1182 The capture of Troy (Diodorus, Parian Marble, Eusebius/Hellancicus; 12 Thargelion/11 May 1182)
1181-1171 The Odyssey. A massive tidal wave swamps the Aegean and reaches Cyprus in c.1200 BC
1181 Agapenor becomes king of Paphos in Cyprus
1181 The return and murder of Agamemnon (Jerome/Eusebius, Graves; 13 Gamelion/2 February 1181)
April 16 1178 The suitors vie for Penelope Total solar eclipse over Aegean
1177 Odysseus held captive by Calypso
1176 Teucer founds Salamis in Cyprus (Parian Marble)
1174 The vengeance of Orestes against Cytemnestra and Aegistheus
1174-1172 Orestes is pursued by the Erinnyes
1174 Meneleus flees Egypt (Apollodorus E6.29) Ramses III expels Sea-Peoples from Egypt in 1175 BC
1172 Orestes kills Aletes son of Aegistheus grandson of Thyestes after he usurps the throne when Orestes ends his search for Iphigenia
1171 Odysseus returns to Ithaca. Hermes fathers Pan by Penelope
1158 Odysseus is accidentally killed by his son Telegonus
1156 Orestes is told by the Delphi Oracle to move from Mycenae to Arcadia and is killed by a snakebite while building a new settlement.
1156 Tisamenus the son of Orestes rules over the Peloponnese
1151 The Herakilds resume their attacks on Mycenae fifty years on. Indications of serious destruction of houses outside walls of Mycenae c.1150 BC
1151 Autesion expelled from Thebes and defects to the Heraklids.
1151 The Pelasgians and Thracians capture Thebes
1148 Demophon dies in Cyprus when he is thrown off his horse
1130 The Cadmians return to Thebes and expel the Pelasgians who then flee to Athens.
1127 Xanthus the last king of Thebes is killed in a duel with Andropompus or Melanthus who becomes king of Athens.
May 18 1124 Tisamenus the son of Orestes rules over Mycenae at the time of the first Aeolian migration. Penthilus the son of Orestes seizes Lesbos. Total solar eclipse over Aegean
1111 The first Dorian fleet is sunk at Naupactus
1101 The Heraklids defeat Tisamenus the son of Orestes and conquer the Peloponnese. Indications of Invasion of Mycenae by people from Central Asia c. 1100 BC. Attack on Asia Minor by Tiglath-Pileser I king of Assyria in 1110 BC who names the God Herakles in his inscription
Herodotus referrs to the plundering of the temple of Aphrodite at Askalon by the Scythians (i.105). He also states that Aphrodites temple in Cyprus was an offshoot from that ancient foundation of Askalon and that this was reported to Herodotus by the Cyprians themselves. The Proto-Cannanites having founded 'Her" temple first at Cythera, on arriving from Tyre and north Syria also established themselves in Cyprus. The date of the earliest Cannanite settlements in Cyprus is unknown, but it has been suggested that they were prior to, or anterior to the time of Moses, late Bronze Age. Naturally they brought with them their gods/religion. A known example is the worship of their moon-goddess Atargatis (Derceto) introduced at Paphos, and the Phoenician Baal who replaced El was at home at Kition.
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