THE CYPRIOT KY SIGN IS THE 'KEY'
Ka (ghost) Ki (life force )
| ||
| kꜣ (D28) in hieroglyphs |
|---|
The Ka (kꜣ) was the Egyptian concept of vital essence, which distinguishes the difference between a living and a dead person, with death occurring when the ka left the body. The creator of each person's ka, was said to be breathed into them at the instant of their birth, becoming the part of their soul that made them be, alive. This resembles the concept of the life force or spirit in other religions.
We, know from cuneiform that Ki is the phoneme, sign, for the idea of the unseen "spirit " life on earth. It is GI, when referring to matter, Terra, a body of earth. In later Akkadian orthography, Gi appears to function as a determiner for toponymns and Ki for the spark in existence on earth. This journey, this need, to know Ki first started then became an obsession 40 years ago, when I was told by a great scholar on Cyprus, that nobody really could explain what the origin of the name Cyprus was. He said 'Ki' was how in 2650 B.C. The Semitic King of Kings, Sargon I, described the land, territory he conquered as 'The Land Of Ki, some suggest Ki was Cyprus because he wrote he took copper-oxide as booty from the land of Ki. What a beginning for my search for the meaning of Cyprus.
Nobody in anything published claimed they knew. How odd, in this day and age I thought.
What I have discovered, on my journey is that there must be an original 'key board' where every phoneme/syllable is a logos, where each consonant/vowel, has its own metaphoric/mental/spiritual meaning. I am not a writer, so if the subject interests you please follow, for I know I will not lead you astray.
From Armenian and cuneiform, I gleaned that Ki was designated to the CEDAR tree, named KI-DAR. In Armenian and Kurdish, DAR is the word for a TRee, and Ki is the name for the Juniper TREE. Again, in Cypriot the syllable Ki is in Ki-pari-issi, the name of the CypressTree.
When we study the Tree of Life, our primary interest is how it applies to us here and now. The Tree of Life mapped out all of the levels of existence.
I believe that the Cypriot sign, phoneme, Ki can represents both the organic and inorganic 'essence' the 'life force.' which in turn was represented as a Tree, a tree of life and death, originally the JUNIPER, Ginepro (Italian for Juniper), Ginevra (Italian variant form of Juniper)
For the alchemists 'Ki' was the designation of the 'life force' present in inorganic matter, a mineral, a compound as in the Mycenean Ki-Bi-Ri-Yo a proto-sulphate, naturally processed, transformed sulfides, into a sulfates, a Vitriol, a Salt+(Sulpher+Mercury), thus I posit that the first syllable of the word Cyprus is Ki, the original ontological object of the verb KI-BRI. The BR defines cyclical time, LIFE ETERNAL.
CYPRUS like Kipris and Aphrodite is EARTH processed by AIR, WATER and FIRE', thus the ESSENCE OF FIRE AND WATER.
Aphrodite Urania, the pure light of the Divine Mother.
'I am the natural mother of all things, mistress and governess of all the elements, the initial progeny of worlds, chief of powers divine, Queen of Heaven. I am the Divine Mother, the creative force, the intelligence in nature that gives life to everything.' The wise believe that if we want a spiritual life, we need to know our Divine Mother and that 'Her active agent is the quintessence,' KYPRIS/APHRODITE/VENUS is the creative force, an energy within and without us. We need that energy to be active, it is about kinetic energy.
TRANSMUTATION
The entire tradition of Alchemy is a symbolic presentation of a practical science.
To understand the meaning of the word transmutation it is important we analyze the word, where it comes from, and what it implies. The word transmutation is derived from the Latin roots which came from Alchemy. Trans means “thorough,” and mutare means “change.” To transmute means to completely change something.
The word transmutation applies to becoming. Transmute comes from Alchemy, as in "to transmute lead into gold" this means to purge heavy, and impure metalic earth, and transmute it into its quintessence—in other words, to process it and to perfect it.
The four basic elements, which are physical, energetic, and conscious, are the becoming, of the becoming, of the becoming of everything that exists. The philosophers stone, Kypri.
By her beauty Kypri atracts coagulates and perfects the imperfect metals and transmutes to perfection as in ripeness.
In Sumerian mythology, Ki was the chief consort of An, the sky god. In some legends. Ki and An were brother and sister, being the offspring of Anshar ("Sky Pivot") and Kishar ("Earth Pivot"), earlier personifications of heaven and earth spirits.
By her consort Anu, Ki gave birth to the Seven Anunnaki, the most prominent of these deities being Enlil, god of the air. According to legends, heaven and earth were once inseparable until Enlil was born; Enlil cleaved heaven and earth in two placing himself, in-between. An carried away heaven. The result of this split, was that Ki, in company with Enlil, took the earth.
Samuel Noah Kramer identifies Ki with the Sumerian mother goddess Ninhursag and claims that they were originally the same figure.
In the Armenian language, Ki, is the name given to the Juniper, the Cedar of the cypress family, a Cupressaceae.
KiKi is a humming bird. Kir is a letter. Ki is also the third letter in most, including the Armenian Alphabet. Kin is woman and Kimk is palate, which opens up another inquiry regarding the roof of the mouth for sounding out both N and L, both highest gods of heaven from cuneiform to English. Hmmmm
Before we go further I would like to throw some light, by offering fresh information regarding the origin of TAURIAN TREE OF LIFE, which I believe to be the Juniper tree. The Juniper tree is the Queen of the CYPRESS FAMILY. The Apollonian Greek, KYPARISSOS, in the Lebanon Ce]EDAR, in the Armenian language, the tree is known simply as the Ky, pronounced key.
The TREE is referred to as the Ky. Alternately as the KyHe/Juniper. The He syllable in Armenian, denotes the feminine, GREAT LADY.
The word for Queen in Armenian is TaKyHe, translats as Crowned Lady. I believe the Juniper TREE, was in the Caucasus, Asia, the ultimate symbol of Crowned Sovereign Feminine.
KDR/KTR is the Ki-T-Ree in Armenian.
KiKi is a humming bird. Kir is a letter. Ki is also the third letter in most, including the Armenian Alphabet. Kin is woman and Kimk is palate, which opens up another inquiry regarding the roof of the mouth for sounding out both N and L, both highest gods of heaven from cuneiform to English. Hmmmm
Before we go further I would like to throw some light, by offering fresh information regarding the origin of TAURIAN TREE OF LIFE, which I believe to be the Juniper tree. The Juniper tree is the Queen of the CYPRESS FAMILY. The Apollonian Greek, KYPARISSOS, in the Lebanon Ce]EDAR, in the Armenian language, the tree is known simply as the Ky, pronounced key.
The TREE is referred to as the Ky. Alternately as the KyHe/Juniper. The He syllable in Armenian, denotes the feminine, GREAT LADY.
The word for Queen in Armenian is TaKyHe, translats as Crowned Lady. I believe the Juniper TREE, was in the Caucasus, Asia, the ultimate symbol of Crowned Sovereign Feminine.
KDR/KTR is the Ki-T-Ree in Armenian.
THE SUMERIANS SPOKE OF KI AS THE SPIRIT OF THE FEMININE EARTH MOTHER, NEXT IN THE HIGHLANDS OF ARMENIA KI WAS DESIGNATED TO A TREE, A TREE REPRESENTING THE SAME LIFE FORCE. TODAY'S CEDAR OF LEBANON HAS EVOLVED FROM THE ARMENIAN KI-DAR MEANING, KI TREE AND ALSO THE CYPRESS IS THE KIBAR IN CYPRUS, ALL THREE REPRESENTED THE SAME KY.
THE CE-DAR/KY-TREE IS THE MOTHER-TREE, THE 'KY' REPRESENTED THE PRIME CAUSE, THE INSTRUMENT THAT CARRIES THE FLOW OF NATURE AND NURTURE, THE PASSAGE FOR THE SEED TO ENTER AND FLOW THROUGH, THE PASSING, THE FOUNDATION OF THE 'ETERNAL FLOW OF LIFE/EXISTENCE.
THE CEDAR IS THE TREE OF MYSTICS. IT IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEPHIROTH TREE OF THE KABBALAH AND THE TREE OF LIFE IN THE GARDEN OF EDEN. THE KI/CE-DAR, KI TREE, IS THE JUNIPER IN ARMENIAN, WAS CENTRAL IN THE ORIGINAL GARDEN OF EDEN, GARDEN/PARADISE/BARDEZ IN ARMENIAN. THE CEDAR/JUNIPER AND CYPRESS ARE SYNONYMOUS, ALL THREE ARE IN THE CONE BEARING FAMILY.
KI IS THE SIGN THAT THE SCRIBES OF THE PIE LANGUAGE ASSIGNED TO THE IDEA OF A UNIVERSAL EARTH MOTHER, MATER IN LATIN. MATTER IN ENGLISH. A UNIVERSAL MOTHER TREE. KY IS THE SYMBOL, PHONEME SIGNIFYING THE FLOW OF MATTER, EARTH.
THE WORD KIN, KI + NU, IS AGAIN A PIE WORD, AN EXTENSION OF THE SIGN KI, THE EARTH FLOW IN COMBINATION WITH NU, WHICH REPRESENTS SKY/HEAVENLY FLOW, SIGNIFIES IN UNION, REPRODUCTION, CREATION. LIFE/EXISTENCE. THEIR UNION,KIN/GIN MAKES A NEW WORD THAT OFFERS KINESIS, MOVEMENT, MORE OF THE SAME KIND. THE RESULTANT OF THEIR UNION IS WHAT WE CALL THE LIFE FORCE, THE UNIVERSAL CYCLICAL FLOW OF LIFE THROUGH MATTER/MOTHER. KIN, GENESIS, A BEGETTING, THROUGH THE KINI/GINI/JONI.
ALSO THE HINGE, THE GATE, THE DOOR, IS THE KI-TREE. THE WORD REPRESENTS METAPHORICALLY, THE FEMININE PRINCIPLE AS THE ESSENCE, THE FIRST CAUSE OF THE BECOMING OF THE BECOMING, OF THE BECOMING, THE ONCOLOGISTS RESPONSE TO THE MEANING OF EXISTENCE.
KI, THE JUNIPER IN ARMENIAN, WHERE IT WAS THE TREE OF ETERNAL LIFE AND HAD THE POWER TO PRESERVE LIFE, ESPECIALLY THE PERIOD DURING MATERNITY FROM CONCEPTION TO ADULT INDEPENDENCE.
THE KI PHONEME I POSIT WAS DESIGNATED BY A SUMERIAN TO INDICATE THE EARTH AS THE ESSENCE OF THE LIFE FORCE, THE KI WHEN CREATED OR FIRST DESIGNATED, GAVE TO THE PHONEME THE GENERATIVE POWER OF THE IDEA WE KNOW UNDER MANY NAMES LIKE, THE CROSS, THE CHRIST, THE LIFE FORCE, THE HOLY SPIRIT ETC.
REGARDING THE AFFAIRS MOTHERHOOD.
THE PROCESS THROUGH WOMAN, IS
The MATRIX, JONI, CUNT, the womb, a place where life develops, everything develops.
A Matron, a married woman managing all, domestic affairs, Matronage, Matronhood, Matronship, all of Mother-hood. NIDABA Wife of HAYA THE SUMERO-ARMENIAN. As tree, the Ki, a place on the bellybutton of earth and the psyche. MEG in Armenian is designated to the ONE.
THE CONIFER FAMILY AND THE LITERATURE ON THE CENTRAL PLACE THE KI HAD AND HAS IN THE BATTLE BETWEEN MATRIARCHY AND PATRIARCHY FOR THE SOVEREIGNTY TO DIRECT HUMANITY, HER CHILDREN IS OVERWHELMING
AS THE TREE OF NURTURE, THE TREE WITH THE POWER TO HEAL OR KILL, A GIFT FROM THE GODS THAT DEMONSTRATES THE RESULT OF THE IDEA THAT IT TAKES TWO TO UNITING TO CREATE ONE UNITED. IN THE CASE OF THE SUMERO-ARMENIAN LOGOS KI WAS FEMININE EARTH SIGN AND AN THE MASCULINE SKY SIGN.
AS A MOTHER TREE OF KNOWLEDGE OF GOOD AND EVIL SHE WAS THE ULTIMATE . AS AN EXAMPLE OF A WORLD AXIS, SHE WAS AGAIN A NATURAL AND UNIVERSAL, A SUN DIAL, A CALENDAR FOR THE CYCLES IN TIME, THE RISE/FALL, LIFE/DEATH OF ETERNAL CYCLES UPON CYCLES, A PERFECT EXAMPLE TO DEMONSTRATE THE SAYING, IT IS IN HEAVEN AS IT IS ON EARTH.
IN THE HIMALAYAS THE CEDAR WAS ASSOCIATED WITH 'KALY' AS THE ROOT TREE OF UNIVERSAL WISDOM.
THE CYPRESS TREE AS SYMBOL OF LIFE GAVE ITS NAME FIRST TO KIPRI AND LATER APHRODITE URANIA AND ARTEMIS.
INCIDENTALLY WE CAN STATE WITHOUT A DOUBT THAT CYPRUS WAS ADOPTED AS AN ADJECTIVE INTO LATIN, TO QUALIFY THAT AES/COPPER CAME FROM CYPRUS.
MORE RECENTLY IN CHRISTIAN ICONOGRAPHY, THE KI TREE, THE CEDAR, THE CRUX OF THE MATTER/MOTHER WAS SHOWN AS THE TREE CHRIST WAS CRUCIFIED ON AND A FACT WELL KNOWN IS THAT THE CRUCIFIX WAS MADE OF CEDAR POLES, ASHERAH.
Over the last 5000 odd years, since 'the fall of Babylon' the names of the Conifer/Cedar/Cypress/ Juniper have been confused. This post hopes to throw a bright light by exposing the original phonemes and their meanings. The original construction of CONIFER, the cone bearing tree was
Ki-Ni-Pa-Re, CEDAR, Ki-Da-Re and CYPRESS, Ki-Pa-Re. The key to all three trees, is the PIE sign Ki, designed to generate the idea of the feminine as the first principal, first cause, the 'life force'.
Ki is the prime generative in all three names and Ki is the name given in Sumerian and Armenian to the JUNIPER. The attachment to Ki of DaR in Armenian and Kurdish is simply the discription of Ki as a tree. Therefore it follows that CEDAR/KDR was originally referred to as Ki, not a Ki TREE. Ki, THE LIFE FORCE first, later a life force tree. or THE TREE OF LIFE.
Ki BaR, offers the double consonant cluster BR, which represents, at root, the process, the vertical line of assent and decent the upright, the BaR, the vertical line which in TIME becomes a SUN dial, in time a circle, a cycle, of assent and decent of the path the Ki takes, as bodyspirit, as soul in time.
So Cypress can only mean VERTICAL PATH PASSAGE BETWEEN HEAVENLY EARTH, THE LIFE FORCE. All For connect to Ra in HEAVEN Now the intro of the Ni in KiNiPiRi is more suttle because it introduces the Sumerian and Armenian, original Male Sky God AN or Nu and bolts it on to Ki, which is/was the feminine earth life force, giving us the words like Kin, Kine, Kini-sis, which represent the idea of complimentary opposites UNITED/YONI/JUNE. So it seems obvious that the the Ki, way back at least since recorded history was the KINE,/LIFE. Which astonishingly became the Ankh in Egypt, for there they turned the idea on its head and placed 'Kip' as MALE EARTH and placed the feminine Nut in the sky, the fermemant. The holy union of Heaven and Earth before they were forcefully separated.
"BABALON, was the Great Mother, She represents MATTER, a word which is derived from the Latin word for Mother. She is the physical mother of each of us, the one who provided us with material flesh to clothe our naked spirits; She is the Archetypal Mother, the Great Yoni, the Womb of all that lives through the flowing of Blood; She is the Great Sea, the Divine Blood itself which cloaks the World and which courses through our veins; and She is Mother Earth, the Womb of All Life that we know."
The idea that the fertile earth is female and nurtures humans, was not limited to the Greco-Roman world. Their language, thus culture was greatly influenced by earlier cultures in the ancient Middle East. In Sumerian cuniform Ki is the name given to the universal earth goddess. In Akkadian orthography the syllabic values gi,ge,qi,qe were used for toponyms.
THE CONIFER FAMILY AND THE LITERATURE ON THE CENTRAL PLACE THE KI HAD AND HAS IN THE BATTLE BETWEEN MATRIARCHY AND PATRIARCHY FOR THE SOVEREIGNTY TO DIRECT HUMANITY, HER CHILDREN IS OVERWHELMING
AS THE TREE OF NURTURE, THE TREE WITH THE POWER TO HEAL OR KILL, A GIFT FROM THE GODS THAT DEMONSTRATES THE RESULT OF THE IDEA THAT IT TAKES TWO TO UNITING TO CREATE ONE UNITED. IN THE CASE OF THE SUMERO-ARMENIAN LOGOS KI WAS FEMININE EARTH SIGN AND AN THE MASCULINE SKY SIGN.
AS A MOTHER TREE OF KNOWLEDGE OF GOOD AND EVIL SHE WAS THE ULTIMATE . AS AN EXAMPLE OF A WORLD AXIS, SHE WAS AGAIN A NATURAL AND UNIVERSAL, A SUN DIAL, A CALENDAR FOR THE CYCLES IN TIME, THE RISE/FALL, LIFE/DEATH OF ETERNAL CYCLES UPON CYCLES, A PERFECT EXAMPLE TO DEMONSTRATE THE SAYING, IT IS IN HEAVEN AS IT IS ON EARTH.
IN THE HIMALAYAS THE CEDAR WAS ASSOCIATED WITH 'KALY' AS THE ROOT TREE OF UNIVERSAL WISDOM.
THE CYPRESS TREE AS SYMBOL OF LIFE GAVE ITS NAME FIRST TO KIPRI AND LATER APHRODITE URANIA AND ARTEMIS.
INCIDENTALLY WE CAN STATE WITHOUT A DOUBT THAT CYPRUS WAS ADOPTED AS AN ADJECTIVE INTO LATIN, TO QUALIFY THAT AES/COPPER CAME FROM CYPRUS.
MORE RECENTLY IN CHRISTIAN ICONOGRAPHY, THE KI TREE, THE CEDAR, THE CRUX OF THE MATTER/MOTHER WAS SHOWN AS THE TREE CHRIST WAS CRUCIFIED ON AND A FACT WELL KNOWN IS THAT THE CRUCIFIX WAS MADE OF CEDAR POLES, ASHERAH.
Over the last 5000 odd years, since 'the fall of Babylon' the names of the Conifer/Cedar/Cypress/ Juniper have been confused. This post hopes to throw a bright light by exposing the original phonemes and their meanings. The original construction of CONIFER, the cone bearing tree was
Ki-Ni-Pa-Re, CEDAR, Ki-Da-Re and CYPRESS, Ki-Pa-Re. The key to all three trees, is the PIE sign Ki, designed to generate the idea of the feminine as the first principal, first cause, the 'life force'.
Ki is the prime generative in all three names and Ki is the name given in Sumerian and Armenian to the JUNIPER. The attachment to Ki of DaR in Armenian and Kurdish is simply the discription of Ki as a tree. Therefore it follows that CEDAR/KDR was originally referred to as Ki, not a Ki TREE. Ki, THE LIFE FORCE first, later a life force tree. or THE TREE OF LIFE.
Ki BaR, offers the double consonant cluster BR, which represents, at root, the process, the vertical line of assent and decent the upright, the BaR, the vertical line which in TIME becomes a SUN dial, in time a circle, a cycle, of assent and decent of the path the Ki takes, as bodyspirit, as soul in time.
So Cypress can only mean VERTICAL PATH PASSAGE BETWEEN HEAVENLY EARTH, THE LIFE FORCE. All For connect to Ra in HEAVEN Now the intro of the Ni in KiNiPiRi is more suttle because it introduces the Sumerian and Armenian, original Male Sky God AN or Nu and bolts it on to Ki, which is/was the feminine earth life force, giving us the words like Kin, Kine, Kini-sis, which represent the idea of complimentary opposites UNITED/YONI/JUNE. So it seems obvious that the the Ki, way back at least since recorded history was the KINE,/LIFE. Which astonishingly became the Ankh in Egypt, for there they turned the idea on its head and placed 'Kip' as MALE EARTH and placed the feminine Nut in the sky, the fermemant. The holy union of Heaven and Earth before they were forcefully separated.
CEDAR/ASHERA
We also know that in ancient mythology, the Juniper/Cedar was the symbol of the Canaanites' fertility goddess Ashera.
Asherah of the sea, was worshiped in the ancient Levant. In Cannan, Tyre, Lebanon, Israel. She was referred to as the One. She was the consort of El and In Judah, she was recognized as the Queen of Heaven, the consort of Yahweh. In search of the meaning, I found that in Hebrew the verb ישר (yashar), generally means to be straight. The feminine noun תאשור (te'ashur), denotes a tree, which appears to be distinguished by its upward direction, or of the upward direction of its branches; a straight-up, or upright tree (Ezekiel 27:6 only). In Hebrew te'ashur, is mentioned in Isa. 60:13; 41:19, it was, according to some, a species of cedar growing in Lebanon.The species, that comes to mind is Juniperus oxycedrus, the prefix oxi- from Greek, means pointed, straight.
We also know that in ancient mythology, the Juniper/Cedar was the symbol of the Canaanites' fertility goddess Ashera.
Asherah of the sea, was worshiped in the ancient Levant. In Cannan, Tyre, Lebanon, Israel. She was referred to as the One. She was the consort of El and In Judah, she was recognized as the Queen of Heaven, the consort of Yahweh. In search of the meaning, I found that in Hebrew the verb ישר (yashar), generally means to be straight. The feminine noun תאשור (te'ashur), denotes a tree, which appears to be distinguished by its upward direction, or of the upward direction of its branches; a straight-up, or upright tree (Ezekiel 27:6 only). In Hebrew te'ashur, is mentioned in Isa. 60:13; 41:19, it was, according to some, a species of cedar growing in Lebanon.The species, that comes to mind is Juniperus oxycedrus, the prefix oxi- from Greek, means pointed, straight.
KI BECOMES MOTHER NATURE ONLY AFTER THE UNION WITH AN, KI AND AN. KINI, THE UNION OF COMPLIMENTARY AND CONTRADICTORY OPPOSITES. KIN
To focus our mind on the above statement, to find some clarity, I introduce Crowley, who wrote the following.
"BABALON, was the Great Mother, She represents MATTER, a word which is derived from the Latin word for Mother. She is the physical mother of each of us, the one who provided us with material flesh to clothe our naked spirits; She is the Archetypal Mother, the Great Yoni, the Womb of all that lives through the flowing of Blood; She is the Great Sea, the Divine Blood itself which cloaks the World and which courses through our veins; and She is Mother Earth, the Womb of All Life that we know."
The Sumerian Ki is not merely the Earth or an Earth Goddess but the creator and preserver of life on earth.
Ki in the ancient Armenian PIE language is the name given to the Juniper tree. In the PIE, Greek language Ke' is the prefix to the Kedros, the Cedar. In Sumerian, The Heavenly Earth was also given the name, Ki.
Ki as She for me represents the immaculate state of humanity in paradise, free from corruption of the Original Sin, all before the Fall of humanity.
Ki in the ancient Armenian PIE language is the name given to the Juniper tree. In the PIE, Greek language Ke' is the prefix to the Kedros, the Cedar. In Sumerian, The Heavenly Earth was also given the name, Ki.
The expression Tree of Life was used as a metaphor for the phylogenetic trees of common descent in the evolutionary sense in a famous passage by Charles Darwin (1872). Still used today.
However according to the Encyclopædia Britannica, The Tree of Knowledge, connecting the heavens with earth and the underworld, and the tree of life, connecting all forms of creation, together project the world tree or cosmic tree, and are portrayed in various religions and philosophies as the same tree.Ki the Sumeian goddess, mother of the Anunnaki
Sumerian and Armenian languages have their roots in the sciences of nature, such as the earth, fire wind water birds, trees etc. The ancient sages of Sumer brought order to that which they did not control believing that there was a grand design and great forces were at work. The forces of nature were originally defined and worshiped as themselves. However, over time the human form became associated with those forces. Gods in human form were now seen to have control over nature.
The Cosmos
The Sumerians regarded the universal creation as consisting of a duality, heaven and earth. The Sumerian term for universal totallity is an-ki, which translates to "heaven+earth." Earth was assumed or not as a flat disk surrounded by a hollow space. This they assumed was enclosed by a solid surface and in between earth and heavens was a substance known as lil, which means "air" or "breath." The moon, sun, stars, and planets were also assumed to be made of lil, but they were also luminescent.
Completely surrounding the an-ki was the primeval waters. The waters gave birth to the an-ki, which in turn gave rise to life.
Completely surrounding the an-ki was the primeval waters. The waters gave birth to the an-ki, which in turn gave rise to life.
Sumerian theologians believed that every intricacy of the cosmos was controlled by a divine and immortal being. The cosmos adhered to established rules.
The world below was known as the nether world. The Sumerians believed that the dead descended into the nether world, also known as the under world. The gods of Sumer were human in form and maintained human traits.
Each god adhered to a set of rules of divine authority known as me. The me ensured that each god was able to keep the cosmos functioning according to the plans handed down to them by Enlil.
Hundreds of deities were recognized in the Sumerian pantheon. At the head of the system was the supreme ruler. The four most important deities were An, Enlil, Enki, and Ninhursag. These were the four creator deities who created all of the other gods. An was initially the head of the pantheon, though he was eventually seceded by Enlil. Enlil is seen as the most important god. He is known as "the king of heaven and earth," "the father of the gods," and "the king of all the gods." Enlil developed the broad designs for the universe. However, it was Enki who further developed and carried out his plans. Ninhursag was regarded as the mother of all living beings.
Under the four creator deities were the seven gods who "decree the fates." These were An, Enlil, Enki, Ninhursag, Nanna, Utu, and Inanna. These were followed by the 50 "great gods" or Annunaki, the children of An.
Comments